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Ecumene is a term used by geographers to mean inhabited land. It generally refers to land where people have made their permanent home, and to all work areas that are considered occupied and used for agricultural or any other economic purpose.

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Population density is the number of individuals per unit geographic area, for example, number per square meter, per hectare, or per square kilometer.

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The population density measured as the number of people per unit area of land.

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Physiological density is the number of people per unit area of arable land.

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The crude birth rate and crude death rate are both measured by the rate of births or deaths respectively among a population of 1,000.

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The rate of natural increase refers to the difference between the number of live births and the number of deaths occurring in a year, divided by the mid-year population of that year, multiplied by a factor (usually 1,000).

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Infant mortality is the death of young children under the age of 1. This death toll is measured by the infant mortality rate (IMR), which is the number of deaths of children under one year of age per 1000 live births.

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Life expectancy is a statistical measure of the average time an organism is expected to live.

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size of a given population at time 2 minus the size of the population at time 1. In other words, the absolute growth or decline in the size of the population between two specific points in time.

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the projected amount of time that it will take for a given population to double.

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the maintenance of a population at a constant level by limiting the number of live births to only what is needed to replace the existing population.

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The J Curve is an economic theory which states that, under certain assumptions, a country's trade deficit will initially worsen after the depreciation of its currency

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A display of cumulative costs, labor hours or other quantities plotted against time.

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accelerating birthrate, a decrease in infant mortality, and an increase in life expectancy.

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Population pyramids are important graphs for visualizing how populations are composed when looking a groups divided by age and sex

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The sex ratio is the ratio of males to females in a population.

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a population group that's distinguished by a certain characteristic.

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The dependency ratio relates the number of children (0-14. years old) and older persons (65 years or over) to the working-age population (15-64 years old).

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Baby boomers are the demographic cohort following the Silent Generation and preceding Generation X.

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a temporary marked decrease in the birth rate.

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the number of people, other living organisms, or crops that a region can support without environmental degradation.

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Over-population is when there are too many people, to be supported to a good standard of living, by the resources of a region or country. Under-population is when a region or country has insufficient workers to exploit their resources efficiently, to support retired populations and to provide growth.

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Thomas Malthus was an 18th-century British philosopher and economist noted for the Malthusian growth model, an exponential formula used to project population growth.

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Neo-Malthusianism is the advocacy of human population planning to ensure resources and environmental integrities for current and future human populations as well as for other species.

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"The term 'reproductive health' was defined by the United Nations (UN) in 1994 at the Cairo International Conference on Population and Development. All Member States of the Union endorsed the Program of Action adopted at Cairo.

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Population growth, in particular, places increasing pressures on the planet's resources -- water, forests, land and the earth's atmosphere -- contributing to climate change and challenging environmental sustainability.

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Demographic Transition Model strengths and weaknesses

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Demographic Transition Model strengths and weaknesses

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The DTM does not take into account migration which is a huge determinant of population growth. It neglects varying factors within a country which influence death and death rates. Natural disasters can cause high death rates and the aftermath of wars can cause baby booms. Strengths It can be applied to all countries. It provides a starting point to demographic change over time. The timescales are flexible. It's easy to understand. It enables comparisons between countries.

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The Zelinsky Model of Migration Transition, also known as the Migration Transition Model or Zelinsky's Migration Transition Model, claims that the type of migration that occurs within a country depends on how developed it is or what type of society it is.

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movement from one part of something to another.

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the action or practice of moving livestock from one grazing ground to another in a seasonal cycle, typically to lowlands in winter and highlands in summer.

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Voluntary migration and push-and-pull factors

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Voluntary migration and push-and-pull factors

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Push factors are those that force the individual to move voluntarily, and in many cases, they are forced because the individual risk something if they stay. Pull factors are those factors in the destination country that attract the individual or group to leave their home.

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Rural-urban migration is the movement of people from the countryside to the city. This causes two things to happen: 1. Urban growth - towns and cities are expanding, covering a greater area of land. 2. Urbanization - an increasing proportion of people living in towns and cities.

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There are two types of internal migration. Interregional migration is the movement from one region of a country to another. The movement within the same region of the country is called intraregional migration.

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Rust Belt and Sun Belt Migration Patterns

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Rust Belt and Sun Belt Migration Patterns

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The post-war period, from the 1950s through the 1980s, was characterized by the migration of hundreds of thousands of Americans from the Northern and Midwestern Rust Belt to the Southern Sun Belt.

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Population Centroid of the United States

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Population Centroid of the United States

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The National Mean Center of Population based on the 2010 Census is near Plato, Mo., an incorporated village in Texas County

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a person with temporary permission to work in another country.

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Most migrants move only a short distance

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Chain migration is a term used by scholars to refer to the social process by which migrants from a particular town follow others from that town to a particular destination

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The tendency for migration to flow between areas that are socially and economically allied by past migration patterns, by economic and trade connections, or by some other affinity. Ravenstein's Law of Migration.

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Step migration is a migration pattern conceptualized in 1885 by Ernst Georg Ravenstein who observed migration as occurring stage by stage as rural inhabitants move closer to urban areas of growth.

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a general term that refers to the movements of refugees and internally displaced people as well as people displaced by natural or environmental disasters, chemical or nuclear disasters, famine, or development projects.

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Illegal immigration refers to the migration of people into a country in violation of the immigration laws of that country, or the continued residence of people without the legal right to live in that country.

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a person who has been forced to leave their country in order to escape war, persecution, or natural disaster.

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States of Conflict undertakes for the first time an empirical analysis of the overall conditions in the countries from which asylum seekers originate. It asks some critical questions about the causes of forced migration and its consequences for patterns of migration to Europe. It also assesses the role of the European Commission in reducing the number of asylum seekers arriving at its borders.