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Pastoral Nomad-ism

Characteristics: a form of subsistence agriculture based on the herding of domesticated animals.

Crops/Livestock : grains, but also does herding of camel, sheep, and goats.

Where is it found ?:
travel a lot and can mostly be located in the large belt of arid and semiarid land that includes Central and Southwest Asia, and North Africa.

Pros/Cons:
offshoot to sedentary agriculture
a practical way of surviving
for a land that doesn't receive too much rain
a declining form of agriculture

Important Terms:
Pastoral

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Characteristics: The types of agriculture in developing countries discussed so far are considered subsistence agriculture because the principal purpose is production of food for consumption by the farmer's family. Plantation farming is a form of commercial agriculture found in developing countries.

Crops: cotton
sugarcane
rubber
tobacco

Where is it found?
Latin America, Africa and Asia

Pros/Cons
crops are normally processed at the plantation before being shipped
situated in sparsely settled locations

Important Terms
plantation

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Intensive Subsistence With Wet Rice Not Dominant

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Intensive Subsistence With Wet Rice Not Dominant

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Characteristics:
Climate prevents farmers from growing wet rice in portions of Asia, especially where summer precipitation levels are too low and winters are too harsh

Crops:
wheat
millet
oats
corn
sorghum
soybeans

Where is it found?
northeastern China and India

Pros/Cons:
crops grown can be sold for cash
crops can be rotated

Important Terms:
crop rotation

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Characteristics: Needs abundant rainfall
Needs higher temperatures
Depletes nutrients quickly
Uses axes
The cleared area is prepared by hand
Uses potassium as a fertilizer
New villages are made to make more food for the population

Crops: Rice, maize, cassava, yams, sugarcane, plantain, millet, sorghum, and vegetables

Where is it found?
Places with tropical climates; Latin America, sub-Saharan Africa, and Southeast Asia

Pros/Cons
Lots of land is cleared for cultivation
Farmers plant the same crop consecutively, which makes the nutrients in the soil deplete
Soil takes a long time to recover
They use the ashes of burnt vegetation to provide the soil with new nutrients

Important Terms
slash-and-burn agriculture
swidden
shifting
predominant

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Intensive Subsistence With Wet Rice Dominant

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Intensive Subsistence With Wet Rice Dominant

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Characteristics: Much smaller than other farms elsewhere in the world
The agricultural density is very high so Asian farmers have to produce more food per land
Careful and refined agricultural practices
Most work is done with hands and animals, not with machinery

Crops: Grain and wet rice

Where is it found?
Asia; southeastern China, East India, and  much of Southeast Asia

Pros/Cons
Time consuming
Done by hand
Consumers of rice perform the work
All family members contribute to the effort
Successful in producing large amounts of rice with a small amount of land

Important Terms
Wet rice
agricultural density
Subsistence