# data[].attributes.headline
                                                                                           ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES

# data[].attributes.subject
                                                                                           ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES

# data[].attributes.body
- Succession was fairly straight-forward.
- Usually the eldest son takes on the mantle of headman if he possesses the same leadership qualities, and has the trust of his community.
- If this isn’t possible, the post goes to a younger sibling, or next-of-kin such as an uncle or cousin.

# data[].attributes.body
Iban collect bamboo and rattans for their own use or for salr

# data[].attributes.body
Iban women are superb weavers using the back strap loom

# data[].attributes.body
The most important commercial activity for the largest number of Iban men has been the institutionalised bejalai or journey to work for wages

# data[].attributes.body
- Leader of “ngasu-beburu” (hunting)
- Leader of “bumai-bekebun” (farming)
-He was also a longhouse judge, settling any quarrel between his followers.
- Include being “eyes and ears” of the BN government, a judge, a law enforcer, tax collector, consultant, and chairman of JKK (Village Security and Development Committee) through which government funds are being channeled.

# data[].attributes.body
- Longhouse headmen are respectfully addressed as “Tuai Rumah”.  Hence, when addressing him during conversations, he should customarily be addressed as “Aya (uncle) Tuai Rumah”.
-  Longhouse headmen are respectfully addressed as “Tuai Rumah”.  Hence, when addressing him during conversations, he should customarily be addressed as “Aya (uncle) Tuai Rumah”.
- He is usually appointed by his own group of people; the criteria for selection include leadership qualities and success in life.

# data[].attributes.body
Primary activities is rice farming. Each family maintain its own seed bank of Rice.

# data[].attributes.headline
                                                                                                       SOCIETY STRUCTURE

# data[].attributes.subject
                                                                                                       SOCIETY STRUCTURE

# data[].attributes.body
- The language of the people of Iban is taught in many high schools and universities.
- It is one that is being given high importance.
- It is spoken even outside the Iban culture.
- This emphasises on the importance and status of their language.

# data[].attributes.body
During the seventh month of her pregnancy, the woman and her husband begin to observe taboos:
-  Both husband and wife are prohibited the handle of a knife otherwise their child will be born deaf.
- They are not allowed to break an egg, if it is done it means that the child will go blind.
- The couple will not touch a corpse because they fear that their child will be deformed by fainting.

# data[].attributes.body
- They believe that whenever there is rain while the day is sunny, it is the moment for death spirits and ghosts.

# data[].attributes.headline
                                                                     EDUCATION

# data[].attributes.subject
                                                                     EDUCATION

# data[].attributes.body
GIRL:
- At the age of 17, she is taught to weave.
- She learns to weave sarong, basket and mats.
- She learns how to select raw materials
- The required tools are made by her parents to show love, care and encouragement.

BOY:
- At the age of 17, he should start seeking more knowledge from the elders.
- He is taught how to speak properly and politely to elders.
- He starts taking interest in omens and oratory skill.

# data[].attributes.body
- Iban marriage has to comply with the requirements of customary marriage, such as a fine that has to be paid in order to avoid a married couple calamity.
- If the couple has blood-tied, they will be showered by the blood of animal to avoid the disaster in the family.

# data[].attributes.body
- The Iban will draw tattoo on their body when they achieved maturity to show a great spirit of their warriorship.The tattoo is "Bungai Terung"

# data[].attributes.body
- The ritual of sacrificing animals (for the blood) before beginning a project such as building a longhouse.

# data[].attributes.body
- While they are going into the jungle, if they hear a certain bird chirp (Burung Ketupong), it means bad luck and should avoid going in or else they will get harmed.

# data[].attributes.body
- If going fishing, they cannot say they are going fishing or tell about it or they end up with nothing.

# data[].attributes.headline
                                                                                                              LOCAL NORMS/TABOO

# data[].attributes.subject
                                                                                                              LOCAL NORMS/TABOO

# data[].attributes.body
The traditional garment of Iban men is called kelambi and “sirat". Iban costumes wear “sirat” with a very long loincloth around the waist and between the two stocks, one end through the legs hanging in front and the other end around the waist.

# data[].attributes.body
The Iban ngepan (or traditional attire) is generally worn for special occasions (Gawai), ceremonies, rituals and dances.

# data[].attributes.body
The male Iban is dressed in Baju Burung or vest and sirat woven loin-cloth which is a warrior's outfit. They also wear accessories such as a belt, armlet and anklet made from silver and a headgear decorated with hornbill feathers.

# data[].attributes.body
Marik Empang and kain kebat is the traditional costume for women. Marik empang is a combination of beads and hand-stitched cotton decorative outer garment. Kainkebat, which is a cloth patterned by the ikat (tie) technique.

# data[].attributes.body
- Iban religion involves worshiping and honouring at least 4 categories of beings

- Eg: Petara, the supreme god, and his seven deities, the holy spirits of Orang Panggau Libau and Gelong, the ghost spirits and the souls of dead ancestors

# data[].attributes.body
- It is also a religious place for worship

- Build by tiang pemun (main post) and pun ramu (bottom of any tree trucks)

# data[].attributes.body
- Animistic beliefs

- Majority are Christian

- Some of them are Muslim

- After being Christianized, they changed their traditional name to a Hebrew-based ‘Christian name’ such as David, Jane or Peter

- Main festival: Rice harvesting festival Gawai Dayak

# data[].attributes.headline
                                                                                           RELIGION

# data[].attributes.subject
                                                                                           RELIGION

# data[].attributes.headline
                                                                                                                                  IBAN TRADITIONAL COSTUMES

# data[].attributes.subject
                                                                                                                                  IBAN TRADITIONAL COSTUMES

# data[].attributes.body
-Ibans are a branch of the Dayak peoples of Borneo .
-Most Ibans are located in Sarawak, small portion in Sabah and some in west Malaysia.
-They speak the Iban language.

# data[].attributes.headline
                                                                                                                    FOOD OF IBAN

# data[].attributes.subject
                                                                                                                    FOOD OF IBAN

# data[].attributes.headline
                                                          MUSIC AND DANCE

# data[].attributes.subject
                                                          MUSIC AND DANCE

# data[].attributes.headline
                                                                         ART

# data[].attributes.subject
                                                                         ART

# data[].attributes.body
-  is a traditional porridge dish for the Malays both in Sambas and Sarawak.

- In Sarawak, it is usually served during Ramadan after the Muslim ending their fast on the Iftar time.

# data[].attributes.body
- This is a dish for the brave.
-The umai is traditionally a standard lunch meal for the Melanau fisherman.
- Basically, a dish consists of sliced raw fish with mixture of onion, chilies, salt and lime juice.
-The dish is accompanied by a bowl of toasted sago pearls and is so simple that fishermen prepare it easily on their boats.

# data[].attributes.headline
2.Tuak(home-brewed rice wine)                

# data[].attributes.subject
2.Tuak(home-brewed rice wine)                

# data[].attributes.body
- In Sarawak, People loves to drink when they have any special festival especially during Gawai celebration.

- Tuak is a special kind of drink that made out of fermented rice with yeast and sugar.

# data[].attributes.body
- Involves a lot of graceful movements of body, hands and legs, shout or war cries and sometimes precise body-turning movements, sometimes use hand-held weapons.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Cultural Shows at Sarawak Cultural Village: "Ngajat Pahlawan" (Iban Warrior Dance)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Uploaded by PearlsphereNebular on 2013-04-15.

# data[].attributes.body
- It is a single sided drum/percussion.

# data[].attributes.body
- It acts as a snare.

# data[].attributes.body
- It is similar to the bass.

# data[].attributes.body
- Small agungs arranged together side by side and played like a xylophone.

# data[].attributes.body
-playing with a set of musical instruments.

# data[].attributes.body
-  Motifs for each part of the human body

- The purposes are to protect the tattoo bearers or to signify certain events in their life.

# data[].attributes.body
-They used this shield to protect themselves from enemies.
- Terabai decorated with repeated rows of "Dragon's eye" and "Aso" motif.
- It was crafted from a single piece of medium hard wood.

# data[].attributes.body
- Design motives either by  engraving or drawing with paints such wooden planks, walls or house posts.

# data[].attributes.body
1. Manok Pansoh (meat cooked in bamboo)

- Manok is “chicken” and Pansoh is “Bamboo” in Dayak Languages .
-The origin of Manok Pansoh is unknown, but the Ibans and the Bidayuhs from western Borneo always prepare this dish on any celebration days, especially the Gawai Dayak.