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The chromosomes make up the genotype, and its physical features are considered the phenotype.

Genotype: the genetic makeup of the organism in terms of the alleles present.
Phenotype: the features of an organism which can potentially be changed by external sources.

Below is a diagram where co-existence is present. This is where both genes are present and the phenotype is a mix of both genes, instead of it being dominant/recessive.

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After the 2 diploid cells are formed, the cell grows and during its growth, an exact copy of each chromosome is made. The cells are now ready to divide again.

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Homozygous Chromosomes:
When you have two identical alleles of a particular gene.
GG/gg   --   pure-breading

Heterozygous
Chromosomes:
When you have two different alleles of a particular gene.
Gg   --  not pure-breading
.

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Right before mitosis takes place, the chromosomes in the parent cells are copied. Each one of these copies are attached to the original chromosome and each chromosome is made up of 2 identical threads called chromatids. The point which they are held together is called the centromere.

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DNA contains four basic building blocks: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T). The order, or the sequence, of these bases form the instructions in the genome. DNA bases pair up with each other, A with T and C and G, to form units called base pairs. Each base pair joins together to form hydrogen bonds. Each base is also attached to a sugar molecule and a phosphate molecule. Together, the form a nucleotide. The nucleotides are arranged in two long strands that form a spiral called a double helix. The structure of the double helix is like a ladder, with the base pairs forming the rungs and the sugar and phosphate molecules forming the vertical sidepieces of the ladder.

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A single set of chromosomes (gamete) is said to be a haploid.
A zygote containing two sets of chromosomes are a diploid.

If there are two chromosomes, in a single pair where each is an allele, that have one from the mother and the one from the father, this forms a homologous chromosomes, which makes up the majority of species on our planet.

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DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid is a long molecule that contains our unique genetic code. Most DNA is located in the cell nucleus but a small amount of DNA can be found in the mitochondria.

The functions of DNA are vital for inheritance and coding for proteins. It is also used for growth.

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A human being has:
24 chromosomes.
20,000 protein-coding genes.
3,000,000,000 different nucleotides.

Chromosomes contain this DNA. They are are a thread-like structure of DNA, carrying genetic information in the form of genes. Genes are a length of DNA that codes for a protein.

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Mitosis is the nuclear division that produces genetically identical cells to the parent cell.

When you are being formed in your mother's body, the zygote was formed and it begins to form over and over again. Whenever the cell divided, 2 new cells were produced were provided with the perfect copy of the two sets of chromosomes in the original zygote. The new cells that were produced were genetically identical.

Mitosis is the way where any cell - whether in in a plant or an animal - divides when an organism is either growing or repairing a damaged part of their body. Mitosis produces new cells in order to replace the damages ones.

Mitosis is also commonly used for asexual reproduction. A potato plant can reproduce by growing stem tubers that make new plants eventually. All the cells in the new tubers are genetically identical to the parent plants.

Right before mitosis takes place, the chromosomes in the parent cells are copied. Each one of these copies are attached to the original chromosome and each chromosome is made up of 2 identical threads called chromatids. The point which they are held together is called the centromere.