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Hair is a form of protein called keratin, in fact, hair is 97% keratin protein and 3% trace minerals.

Above is an image of the keratin cell itself.

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Peptide bonds are the backbone of all protein molecules. Peptide bonds are formed when two amino acids attatch end-to-end. This means that ultimately, hair is the linking together of protien groups. Peptide bonds should not be disturbed because doing so would destroy the protien strucutres that have been created by peptide bonding. An example would be if you were to put heat ona sodium hydroxide relaxer, the hair would be destroyed.

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The disulfide bonds are the most important to our work, When Sulfur-type side chains joining with other sulfur-type side chains, they form the disulfide bonds, This bond is a chemical bond that forms between protein structures. A lot of chemical services, particularly perms, relaxers affect the disulfide bonds directly by either breaking or reforming disulfide bond or reforming tit in a new shape. this process is a chemical change and creates lasting results.
The side bond van der Waal's forces is based on the theory that atomic groups prefer an environment similar to theirs. this type of bonding is not important for your work as a hair designer other than to know that it exists and plays a role in bonding protein chains.

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Second type of bond between protein chains.

a result of the attraction of unlike charges

the negative charge in one amino acid grouping attracts the positive charge in another amino acid groupings.

Account for another 35%  of the hair's resistance to change and, like hydrogen bonds, are not particularly strong.

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Hydrogen bond:
Hydrogen Bonds work on the principle the unlike charges attract. Hydrogen bonding takes place when the hydrogen atom in one molecule is attracted to an atom of another molecule that has many negative electrons. Hair has many hydrogen bonds, which are individually very weak & can easily be broken by heat or water. Although the attraction in Hydrogen Bonds are weak, there are so many of them in the protein of the hair that they tend to organize the protein chain and Give hair its shape. About 35% of the hair's strength is due to the millions of hydrogen bonds in its structure.

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Organic Chemistry- deals with all matter that is now living or was aliveat one time, with carbon present
Inorganic Chemistry- studies all matter that is not alive, has never been alive and does not contain carbon

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Are two or more atoms joined together by a chemical bond.

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How hair molecules geometry dictate the color.

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In this Video, John Warner Explains how hair molecules dictate the hair color. Very Interesting!

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When amino acids combine to form the Keratin protein of hair, they form a spiraling configuration. When the protein chains are placed next to each other, they can be linked together by four side bonds. The four bonds holding the protein chains together behave differently and all serve a different purpose in building of the hair. The four Side bonds are:
1. Hydrogen bond
2. Salt bond
3. Disulfide bond
4. van der Waal's Forces
When giving chemical services, you are affecting all these side bonds. In order to keep the hair healthy, it is important to know how the four side bonds work.

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Matter can be changed from one of these forms (solid, liquids or gas) to another in two ways:

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Matter can be changed from one of these forms (solid, liquids or gas) to another in two ways:

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Physical Change- a change in the physical characteristics of a substance without creating a new substance. Example wet from dry hair styles
Chemical Change- a change in a substance that creates a new substance with chemical characteristics different from those of the original substance. Example: Relaxers, Perms and Color

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Hydrogen bonds are weak physical cross bonds in the hair. When hair is wet, the hydrogen bonds are broken, allowing hair to be formed into a new shape.

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SOLIDS- matter with definite weight, volume and shape. Example: Hair
LIQUIDS- matter with definite weight and volume but no definite shape. Example: Conditioners, perm solutions and most shampoos
GASES- matter with definite weight but indefinite volume and shape. Example: would be the smell of to products mixed together

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is the the scientific study of Matter and the physical and chemical changes of matter.

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Elements are basic substances that can't be broken down into simpler substances.
There are 118 known elements. The elements above 92 are synthetic.
There are 5 elements that are especially important for salon professionals to know:
Carbon
Oxygen
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Sulfur
Why are these elements important in cosmetology? Hair itself is composed of 2 solids (carbon and  sulfur) and three gases (hydrogen, nitrogen, and  oxygen).

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is anything that occupies space. Examples hair, nails, skin, water and even oxygen.

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Amino acids are compounds that consist of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen. These amino acids join together in chains to form protiens. There are 22 common amino acids and hair is made up of 19 of these 22 amino acids.

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are the smallest complete unit of an elements. Atoms have three main parts PROTONS (+), NEUTRONS (NO CHARGE), AND ELECTRONS(-)
A typical human hair is about 1 million carbon-12 atoms JUST IN WIDTH. A single drop of water contains about 2000000000000000000000 atoms of oxygen, and twice that many hydrogen atoms.

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Hey guys this was at my school it was a science experiment with this one chicks hair it was awesome!