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Who copied books by hand?

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Acts of what helped to reach heaven?

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What Pope tried to bring evryone together

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People devoted their lives to god

Monks were men who joined monasteries to life a monastic life

Came to learn, pray, refuge from war, illness and sins

Saint Benedict made this life with monks following Benedictines rules(6th Century)

Spent lives with religious work(copying text, praying etc…)

Monasteries were quite small(consisting of small cells, a scriptorium, and a kitchen/dinning hall)

Monks made texts such as illuminated manuscripts

Women had another version of this calling themselves nuns

Mendicants were people who wanted to live a religious life without monastic orders(Saint Francis)

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Had many festivals

Almost every day was devoted to a saint

Holiday comes from Holy Day

Celebrated the birth of Christ for 12 days(more subtle than ours)

Involved dancing, games, music and more fun things

Plays were especially popular reacting important events

Murmurs would sometimes perform many elaborate shows

They took holidays seriously

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Most education took place in the church

Clergy were most likely to be educated

Spent a lot of time praying and learning Latin

1200’s were the start of universities

Ancient texts were greatly respected

Church was very uneasy about ancient writings

Taught Theology for faith and reason gap

Aquinas was greatly admired-concept of natural law

Natural Law was to guide people

It went along with the Bible's teachings which was good for the church

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Paintings were religious based; put in churches

Most people didn’t know how to read or write

Art told stories for the people to understand

Express in cathedrals-built to inspire awe

They were the tallest buildings in town for awhile-built cross like

Cathedral built in 1550 and 1400 were more gothic

They looked like the were rising to heaven along with they had Gargoyles-to warn the devils and spirits away

Cathedrals looked all around beautiful

Took 50 to 100 years to build

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Hoped to pilgrimage

Traveled to long distances to holy sites(Jerusalem and Rome)

Visited churches that house relics

Pilgrimages showed their devotion to God(act of penance for sins

Many of these were very difficult and dangerous(robbers constant threat)

Monks set up hotels

Geoffrey Chaucer wrote Canterbury Tales- was used to entertain in on long trips

Other service was fighting Crusades

Christians and Muslims fought over the Holy Land

1095 and 1270 Christians had fought many crusades

Many Crusades were used to get wealth or adventure

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Sacraments and Salvation in the Middle Ages

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Sacraments and Salvation in the Middle Ages

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Most people believed in the afterlife

Souls live on

Salvation-enter heaven and eternal life by following church teaching

Failing to do so earns a spot in hell

Hell was a terrifying place- fires and demons

Seven Sacraments were key to salvation

Sacraments were sacred rites the bought grace or a special blessing from God

Seven- Baptism, Confirmation, Eucharist, Matrimony(marriage), Holy Orders, Penance, Extreme Unction

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Christian are followers of Jesus Christ

Originally Romans persecuted Christians for their beliefs

Single Church Roman Catholic Church(Split into two)

Monasteries helped travelers a place of refuge(runned by church)

Had ranks throughout the church

1050 largest landholders(gift)

Great political power

Pope Gregory VII and Henry IV struggle over power

Gregory was elected as Pope in 1073

Gregory excommunicated Henry

Henry begged for forgiveness and he was forgiven

Fight over power kept happening

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Roman Catholic Church was very important(1000-1300 CE)

Center of Medieval European life (found in every village)

Depends on church

Many religious services

Provided information to some

Helped the poor and sick

Explained life mysteries(storms, disease and famine: punishments by God)

Spoke of salvation and/or savings of a person's soul

Widespread: “Age of Faith”

Affect towards daily life