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Lasting from 1947 to 1991, the Cold War was a rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union on political, economic, and developmental issues. After WWII ended, a new conflict emerged between two former allies, the United States and the Soviet Union due to their intension to spread two completely different ideals. As the Soviet Union took an an aggressive position in expanding communism around the world, America defended the world from communism.

This conflict dominated America’s politics and its foreign policies and also led to a war in Korea, a crisis in the Middle East, and widespread suspicion of disloyalty in America.

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A United States policy with one purpose: to prevent the spread of communism. Containment was the basis for most US foreign policies during the Cold War period.  Instead of acting directly against the

Soviet Union's spread of communism with a face-to-face war, America would help those countries in danger of being influenced by communism militarily, economically, and technically. This would at least keep communism in its current borders.

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The Truman Doctrine was President Truman's application of the containment policy. It was proclaimed in 1947 and stated that the United States would "support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures." Although not stated, it could be easily assumed that the outside pressure referred to the Soviet Union and Communists. The Truman Doctrine provided

immediate aid, economically and militarily, to Greece and Turkey, because they were under pressure of Communist expansion. The US sent approximately $400,000,000 to Greece and Turkey to stop the expansion of communism

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The Iron Curtain was a political, military, and ideological barrier made by the Soviets to protect/seal itself and separate Eastern Europe, who were communists, and the Western Europe, non-communists. There

were many forms of the "Iron Curtain", including military "walls" made by soldiers, as well as a physical concrete wall like the Berlin Wall in Germany. By the end of the Cold War, the "iron curtain" was lifted to end the separation between the East and West.

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The Marshall plan, also known as the European Recovery Program was a program of economic aid to restore the European economy. Between 1948 and 1951, the US spent 13 billion dollars to finance the recovery of Europe. Along with helping the recovery, the United States also worked to make communism less appealing in Western Europe. The plan was a success in ‘restoring the confidence of the European people in the economic future of their own countries and of Europe as a whole.' Although the United States offered the same aid to the Soviet Union if they agreed to accept reforms, the Soviets rejects the proposal.

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On June 24, 1948 the Soviets blocked access of goods and even people by closing all highways, railroads, and canals. They believed that this would make it impossible for the people who lived there to get food and supplies and that would eventually drive non-communists out of the city. However,  the United States and the United Kingdom sent food, water, fuel, and other important necessities over the Berlin Wall by sending them through the airplanes to the Allied airbases. This lasted for more than a year and carried over 2.3 million tons of cargo into Berlin. Eventually the Soviets gave up and lifted the blockade.

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To stop the spread of communism to Western Europe, the United States and other noncommunist nations formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). It was formed to protect each other in case of a Soviet attack once the Soviet Union used neighboring countries as shields from invasion. General Dwight D. Eisenhower was nominated as the first supreme allied commander.

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The Korean War was the first war in which the United Nations played a role. The United States sided with the democratic government of South Korea in order to fights against the communist North Korea who was being aided by the new Chinese communist government. Lasting from June 25, 1950 to July 27, 1953, the war did not end with a clear victory; instead, a compromise was made at the 38th parallel. This compromise divided Korea into North and South Korea. The 38th parallel still exists and Korea still remains as a divided country.

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Named After Senator Joseph McCarthy, McCarthyism was created mainly because of the fear of communism as the Second Red Scare occurred in the 1950s. A series of investigations and hearing were conducted and accused many innocent of being communists. These accusations resulted in job losses and other social problems.

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The Space Race was a competition between the US and the Soviets to invent better space technology such as artificial satellites, unmanned space probes, and human spaceflight before the other. It first began when the Soviets launched the Sputnik on October 4, 1957. The US tried their best to catch up. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) was created in 1958 to develop better space technology. When Neil Armstrong landed on the moon first before any mankind, the Space Race concluded.

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The U-2 incident occurred in May 1960 when the Soviets shot from a American U-2 spy plane. This pilot, Gary Powers, was captured and with evidence from him, President Dwight D. Eisenhower (1890-1969) was forced to admit that the United States had been sending pilots on spy missions over the USSR for several years. The Soviets sentenced Powers to 10 years in prison but ended up exchanging him with their own spy who was captured in the United States. This incident raised tensions between the US and the Soviets.

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The Eisenhower Doctrine, pronounced by President Eisenhower promised military and economic aid to those who needed help resisting communism, especially in the Middle East. The Middle East was under the influence of the Soviet because they shipped arms to Egypt. The main goal of this doctrine was to stop the expansion of communism.

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Brinkmanship is a foreign policy where one party (or both parties) tried to gain an advantage against the other in negotiations. This phrase was constantly used during the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union. One example was the Cuban Missile Crisis, where Soviets sent nuclear weapons to Cuba for them to go against the United States. This scared people all around the world because the two major nations came close to a nuclear war several times.

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On October of 1962, after the Soviets sent nuclear missiles to Cuba, tension between the United States and Soviets rose in a political and military standpoint. The confrontation lasted for 13 days and ended with the Soviets removed the weapons in exchange for a promise that the United States would not invade Cuba and that the US would remove missiles from Turkey.

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After a Cuban nationalist overthrew General Fulgencio Batista, the nation’s American-backed president. the United States CIA constantly attempted to push Castro from power. The CIA tried to invade into Cuba by landing on the Bay of Pigs with 1400 Americans trained Cubans. However, the president was not supportive because he believed that it could lead to WW3. Furthermore, Castro's troops outnumbered the invaders. Due to such disadvantages, the battle lasted for less than 24 hours and the invaders surrendered.