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Roman Catholic Church- very important; 1000-1300 CE

Center of medieval life: festivals; fairs, religious services, markets

Church provided education; helped the poor and sick

Storms,disease,and famine were thought to be punishments from God

Salvation, or the saving of a person’s soul, would come to those who followed the church’s teaching.

The Ages sometimes called the “Age of Faith”

Roman Catholic Church

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Monks were men who joined monasteries, communities devoted to prayer and service to fellow Christians

Men became monks because they were seeking refuge from war, sickness, or sinfulness

Some came to study or were attracted by a quiet life of prayer and service

The man who developed the monastic way of life in western Europe was Saint Benedict

His followers became known as the Benedictines and followed Benedict's "Rule," or instructions

Benedictines made three solemn vows, poverty (to own no property), chastity (never to marry), and obedience (to obey their leaders)

They attended eight church services every day

Other duties included caring for the poor and sick, teaching, and copying religious texts

Most monasteries were laid out around a cloister. a covered walkway surrounding an open square

North side was the church

South side were the kitchen and dining hall

On the third side was the dormitory, monks slept in small cells, often on beds of wood

The library writing room, called the scriptorium, was on the fourth side of the cloister

Women who became nuns lived in convents (also called nunneries)

Nuns did many of the same types of work that monks performed

Nuns became important reformers and thinkers

Both monks and nuns joined religious orders, each order had its own distinctive rules and forms of service

Mendicants were people who wanted to live a religious life without the seclusion of the monastic orders

Mendicants is a word that means "beggar"

Francis, who loved nature, believed that all living things should be treated with respect

To many people, Francis’s example of faith, charity, and love of God represents an ideal form of Christian living

________Questions _______

1. What was the Monk writing about ?
2.  Who copied the manuscripts?
3. Was it hard or easy to have an education Europe?

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Most celebrations were connected in some way to the church

Almost every day of the year was dedicated to a Christian saint, an event in the life of Jesus, or an important religious concept

Our word holiday comes from "holy day"

Christmas is the day when Christians celebrate the birth of Christ

During the Middle Ages, Christmas celebrations lasted for 12 days

People of all social classes decorated their homes with evergreens, holly berries, and mistletoe

On Christmas day, they attended church and then enjoyed a great feast, which was often given by the lord of the manor for everyone

Easter is the day when Christians celebrate the Resurrection of Jesus

Easter was a day of church services, feasting, and games

Often the games involved eggs, a symbol of new life

People sang folk songs and danced to the music of wooden pipes and drums

They drank wine and ale (a strong beer) , and they ate baked and fried foods

Holiday entertainments included bonfires, acrobats and jugglers, and dancing bears

During church services on special days, priests sometimes acted out Bible stories about the life of Jesus

_______Easter eggs _______

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Most schooling took place in monasteries, convents, and cathedrals

Under Charlemagne's reign scholars developed that instead of writing in all capital letters,scholars began to use lowercase letters too

The clergy were the people most likely to be educated

Clergy's spent much of their time memorizing prayers and passages from the Bible in Latin

Students in universities studied Latin grammar and rhetoric, logic, geometry, arithmetic, astronomy, and music

The church taught people to be guided by faith

Ancient writers like the Greek philosopher Aristotle taught that reason, or logical thinking, was the path to knowledge

Thomas Aquinas, an Italian scholar of philosophy and theology, tried to bridge the gap between reason and faith

He saw no conflict between faith and reason, because he believed that both were gifts of God

He believed reason helped people discover important truths about God's creation

Faith, meanwhile, revealed its own truths about God

Aquinas’s concept of natural law stated that there was an order built into nature that could guide people's thinking about right and wrong

Natural law, he said, could be discovered through reason alone. Since God had created nature, natural law agreed with the moral teaching of the Bible

____Thomas Aquinas____

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Most art was made for a religious purpose

Paintings and sculptures of Christ and Christian saints were placed in churches to help people worship

Cathedrals are large churches headed by bishops

Cathedral comes from the Latin word cathedral, meaning “the throne upon which the bishop sat”

Gothic cathedrals (built from 1150-1400) looked like they were rising to heaven

Gargoyles are stone spouts projecting from the rain gutters of the roof

People thought gargoyles were there to warn them that devils and evil spirits would catch them if they did not obey the church

Immense space inside a Gothic cathedral was lined with pillars and decorated with religious images

The pictures on medieval stained glass windows often taught people stories from the Bible

Cathedrals constructed by hand and took 50 to 100 years

____Gothic Cathedral_ ____

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Most Christians hoped to go on a pilgrimage at some point in their lives

Pilgrims went on these journeys to show their devotion to God, as an act of penance for their sins, or in hopes of being cured of an illness

Geoffrey Chaucer wrote a book, his "tales" are stories that a group of pilgrims tell to entertain each other as they travel to the shrine of Saint Thomas Becket in Canterbury

The crusades were military expeditions to the land where Jesus had lived, which Christians called the Holy Land

Jerusalem, which was a holy city to Jews, Christians, and Muslims

Christians in western Europe organized several crusades to recover Jerusalem and other sites of pilgrimage

People went on crusades to seek wealth, and some to seek adventure

Others went in the belief that doing so would guarantee their salvation

________Questions _______
1. What were the Crusades?
2. What does the Red cross mean on the shirts of the crusaders?
3. What was the name of the game

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Most people in Medieval Europe believed that the soul lives on after the body’s death

People gained salvation, or entry into heaven and eternal life, by following the church’s teachings and living a moral life

To believers, hell was a real terrifying place

Church taught that receiving the seven sacraments was an essential part of gaining salvation

Sacraments were sacred rites that Christians believed brought them grace, or a special blessing from God

Baptism: Entry into the church. To cleanse a person of sin, a priest pours water gently over his or her head at the baptismal font, the basin that holds the baptismal water

Confirmation: Formal declaration of belief in God and the church

Eucharist: A central part of the mass, the church service in which the priest consecrates (blesses) bread and wine. In Catholic belief, the consecrated bread and wine become the body and blood of Christ

Matrimony (marriage): A formal union blessed by the church. After being married by a priest, a couple signs their names in a registry, or book of records

Holy Orders: The sacrament in which a man becomes a priest.

Penance: Confession of sins to a priest in order to receive God's forgiveness. Today Catholics call this sacrament reconciliation

Extreme Unction: A blessing in which a person in danger of death is anointed (blessed with holy oil) by a priest. Today this rite is known as the sacrament of the sick

________Questions________

1. What is the church sustained with...?
2. What must we be born out of to enter God's kingdom?
3. How many sacraments give us the grace we need to be holy in this life?

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Christ was the son of God, God sent him to Earth to save people for their sins: he rose from the dead after his crucifixion.

In 395 C.E., Christianity became the recognized religion of the Roman Empire

Monasteries were communities of monks

Monks provided hospitality to refugees and travelers

Monks also copied and preserved old texts, to keep learning alive

Pope: Bishop of Rome, was the supreme head of the Roman Catholic Church

Cardinals: High-Ranking clergymen who assisted and counseled the pope

Archbishops: Oversaw large or important areas called archdioceses

Bishops: Governed areas called dioceses from great cathedrals

1050, Church was largest landholder in Europe; land came in as gifts from monarchs and wealthy lords

Medieval church collected a tithe (tax) from every person

Latin was the language of the church

Excommunication is to formally deprive a person of membership in a church

Pope Gregory VII and The Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV fought because they did not see eye to eye on the choices for the Church

__________________________