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Certain external factors influence a major event in you life?
critical period

one of the 5 reflexes that a neonate has around the mouth
rooting

Visual cliff
depth perception

do babies have depth perception
yes

Maturation-

Sensorimotor birth to 2

Concrete operational stage
concrete thinking

kohlbergs experiment is -
hynze dillema

internal mechanism for processing speech
language acquisition device

Emotion bonds theory
attachment

a sense not to be controlled by others

kids in control permissive

parallel play together
solitary play is by themselves

Adolescence are constantly being looked at
imaginary audience

PSychological age is how you feel inside

2 stage in kluber ross theory
anger

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Psychodynamic
3. Alfred adler
believe problems stem from tensions in childhood social situation- childhood feeling of inferiority
we try to overcome these feelings of inferiority
pros: leads to trying harder
negatives: Overcompensation
Inferiority complex (not as good)
later found humanism

Oldest: Responsible, mature, high achiever
Middle: Easy going, friendly
Youngest: Immature, funny. baby-like
Only-Child: Much like the oldest, can have difficulties sharing oldest/Only and sound marry "Middles"

First born
energetic
logical
amitious
Enterprising
surprise

Middle Born
1
Loner
quiet shy
Impatient
uptight
2
Outgoing
Friendly
loud
laid back
patient

Youngest
Risk takers
idealist
good sense of humor
hard working
immature
attention seeking
secretive
sensitive

Ted to go against the norm
make the biggest stir in life

Only children
mature faster
get along well with older people
responsible
self centered
perfectionist
attention seeker
use adult language

Twins
One becomes a leader
the other becomes a follower
if they are same gender then they have a kind of rival behavior

Variables that impact birth order
-adoptions
-remarrages
-doubles berth order

Humanism
Abraham Maslow
Hierarchy of needs
Self-actualization

Carl rogers
-People are basically good
-Unconditional postive regard
-Personal growth is influenced by those around, especially those who are genuine and caring
Self-concept influences your conception of the world

"Who am I?"
+ image = + world
- Image = - world

Social theory
1. Albert Bandura
Bobo doll
Social modeling

Cognitive Theorist
1. Julian Rotter
Locus of control
Internal- what happens to you is based on you doing
External- What happens to you is beyond your control

2. Martin seligman
Learned helplessness (dogs)

Trait
1. Gordon allport
-Interviews Freud- believes he ignores the conscious/ obvious
-studies fundamental/ basic traits
-believed their were 2800 traits
concerned with describing personality, NOT explaining it

2. Cattell- 16 traits (done by factor analysis)

3. Tupes/ Christal
The big 5 Trait Dimensions
Openness
Conscientious
Extraversion
Agreeable
neuroticism

Makes OCEAN

4. Eysenek
-Many invididual variations can be reduced to two or three genetically introduced dimensions
-3 traits
Extrovert/Introvert
Stability/Instability
Neuroticism/Psychoticism

5. Walter Mischel
-Peoples behaviors appears consistent because of people's initial perceptions of them

-initial perception stands out and we've later actions as supporting how we "think" they are. mean at first- we see them only doing mean things.

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Psycho sexual stages of development
Oral stage(0-15)
pleasure Center in mouth
Fixation:
oral fixation
dependency
Anal stage(1.5-3.5)
pleasure center in anus and elimination
Fixations:
Anal retentive
Anal Expulsive
Phallic Stage (3.5-6)
Pleasure Center in genitals
Jealousy of same sex parent
Fixations:
Oedipus Complex replace father and marry mother
Electra Complex (K.Horney) Replace mother and marry father
Penis Envy Women desire to possess same organ as men
Cinderella Complex: Fear of independence and want to be cared for 'by opposite sex
Peter Pan Complex:Desire to remain young forever
Latency Period (6-12)
lose interest in opposite sex
"cooties" period
Genital Stage (puberty)
Full adult sexuality
Must work on "Fixations"
unresolved problems surface

Other theories
H+Karen horney
gave women a voice, tries to discredit Freud's opinion that women had weaker superegos and penis envy

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Defense mechanism

-Repression
Forgetting situations that would cause painful emotions
-Denial
Rejection (refusing to acknowledge) an intolerable reality
-Rationalization
Substituting a more acceptable but false reason for one's behavior
-Reaction Formation
Modifying an anxiety-causing impulsing by performing in ways opposite to one's true feelings
(you hate someone but to their face your nice)
-Projection
seeing one;s personality traits, attitudes, or faults in others but not in oneself
-regression
retreating to an early developmental level involving less mature responses
-undoing
atoning for and thus counteracting desires or acts tat are regrettable
-sublimation
people re-channel their unacceptable impulses into socially approved activities
-displacement
Shirts sexual or aggressive impulses towards a more acceptable or less threatening object or person (kick the dog)
-compensation
Covering up weaknesses or frustration by over gratifying oneself in another area (practice your sport instead of studying more because you struggle at school but are a good athlete.)
-fantasy
Gratifying frustrated desire in imaginary achievement
-Identification
If you are afraid of someone then you overcome that fear by becoming more like them in the long run
-intellectualization
People use extensive vocabulary to explain relatively simple terms (Reid on criminal minds)

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Freud
1856-1939

Psycholanalytic Theory/Psychodynamic Theory

Psyche(mind) + Dynamic (Energy)= Personality

UNCONSCIOUS (really important to Freud!!)
Studied all men
very sexist
Obsessed with sex (Libido) and aggression

Ice Berg theory

Believe we were born with an ID- Unconscious
Ego- Consciousness, what we show people
Superego- Somewhat conscious somewhat unconscious

ID
Present at birth
Completely unconscious
PLEASURE PRINIPLE
all needs should be met and satisfied IMMEDIATELY
unstatisfied needs-> anxiety

Wish fulfillment
FOrming a mental image of a situation that satisfies the instinct

Ego
COntrols thinking and reasoning
operates in conscious and preconscious
REALITY PRINCIPLE
safely and successfully meet needs if ID
If only had fID and EGO?

What's missing?
Morality/Conscience

Superego
moral watchdog
Not present at birth
compares ego's actions with "ego ideal"

EGO ideals
standard of excellence for ego

Carl Jung

Use of study under Freud. Disagreed with the importance he placed on sex

Theory has 2 Unconscious:
Personal- no man's land(if choosen)
collevtive-influential

Ego
Self
Shadow-Self

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Understand projective vs Objective tests

1.Body self
-Physical traits and abilities
2.Social self
-How others see you
-you perform how people expect you to: self-Fufilling
3. Personal self

How to test personalities
2 types of tests: objective vs projective
objective personality test- from outside sources/ paper tests
3 types:
1 interview
A. Directed (structured)
B. Non Directed (unstructured/free response)
2. Observation

3.Self Interview
A.T/F-MMPI
B. Agreement Scale (likert Scale)
C.adjective checklist
D.Aspects ratin (1-10)

Strengths?
(easy,fast, Consistent,Scoring)
Weaknesses?
(superficial, You can figure the test out)

Projective perosnality test
3 types:
1. word association Tests
Stimulus words
Can explain response
2.Thematic Apprerception Test (TAT)
Uses pictures
Imagination
Henry Murray

3.Rorschach test
Inkblots
what do you see?
Hermann Rorschach

Projective test

Strength? (individualized, in depth)
Weakness? (test conditions can influence results, very subjective

Objective tests

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5 Person Qualitities

-Generous
-Hard working
-Careful
-Friendly
-Caring

What others think
-