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1. 1. January 16th, 1919: 18th Amendment is passed.

2. February 6 1919: Seattle General Strike begins.

3. October 18, 1919: National Prohibition Act passed (Volstead Act).

4. January 2, 1920: Palmer Strikes begin.

5. March 26, 1920: This Side of Paradise published by F. Scott Fitzgerald.

6. August 18, 1920: 19th Amendment ratified.

7. November 2, 1920: Warren G. Harding elected as president.

8. November 2, 1920.: First radio broadcast in the U.S. by the station KDKA.

9. May 21, 1921: Sacco Vanzetti trial begins.

10. January 1, 1923: Ford Model T invented.

11. August 2, 1923: Harding dies and Coolidge becomes president.

12. January 1, 1924: KKK reemerges.

13. May 26, 1924: Immigration Act of 1924 is enacted.

14. June 2 1924: Indian Citizenship Act passed.

15. January 5, 1925: First woman governor in the U.S.- Nellie Tayloe Ross.

16. April 10, 1925: The Great Gatsby published by F. Scott Fitzgerald.

17. July 10, 1925: Scopes Trial begins.

18. January 1, 1927: Babe Ruth becomes first player to hit 60 home runs in 1 yr.

19. May 21, 1927: Charles Lindbergh became the first to successfully fly across the Atlantic.

20. October 6, 1927:  The Jazz Singer is the first feature motion length film produced.

21. January 1, 1928: Kellogg Brian Pact is signed.

22. January 10, 1928: Amelia Earhart is the first woman to fly across the Atlantic.

23. October: 3, 1928: Walt Disney's Steamboat Willie is formed.

24. November 6, 1928: Herbert Hoover elected president.

25. February 14, 1929: Saint Valentine's Day massacre by the Chicago mob led by Al Capone.

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Motion pictures played in America in the 1920's became more became more focused on feature films and transitioned into sound films.
This musical film demonstrated the first feature length motion picture with synchronized sound and conveyed the end of the silent film era.

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Mammy - Al Jolson (Jazz Singer performance)

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This was the first commercial radio broadcast in the U.S., and it was about the announcement of the winner of the presidential elections.
Radio changed America as it became a mass media marketing tool for companies, and it was an efficient way for people to get instant information for the news, entertainment, and sports programs.

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Nov 2, 1920: First Commercial Radio Broadcast in the U.S.

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Henry Ford's innovations revolutionized American society, shaping our society the way it is today; however, some wealthy people in America considered him a "traitor" because of his assembly line in which he lowered the price of the car and raised his workers wages to $5 a day in order for his workers to be his consumers as well.

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9. Prohibition in America in the 1920's 

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9. Prohibition in America in the 1920's 

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The impact of prohibition in America resulted in illegal alcohol operations instead and because of the lack of strong police force, it gave rise to organized crime.

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Prohibition in the United States: National Ban of Alcohol

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Also known as The State of Tennessee v. John Thomas Scopes where Scopes, a substitute teacher, is on trial for violating the Tennessee's Butler Act, which prohibited teaching human evolution in school as it was seen unlawful. Scopes was found guilty and was fined; however, the verdict was overturned on a technicality. This case highlighted the growth of the religious fundamentalist movement in American during the 1920's and its changing culture.

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7. Changing Immigration Policies of the 1920's

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7. Changing Immigration Policies of the 1920's

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The National Origins Act of 1924 restricted immigration and established a national system of quotas that discriminated against immigrants from southern and eastern Europe, excluding Asians as well. Thus, this gave preference to the "Old Immigrants" from North-Western Europe instead.

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After World War I, the KKK emerged and still valued white supremacy, targeting African Americans, Catholics, Jews, immigrants, liberals, & progressives, believing that they were restoring justice. Members of the KKK valued white Protestants and used violence such as tarring and feathering to convey their message.

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This case was significant in the 1920's as it illustrated the injustices of the American legal system because they were Italian immigrants & anarchists who were executed for murder based on wavering evidence, which brought a lot of controversy as many believed they were being prosecuted based on their background and beliefs.

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In Feb. 1919, port city of Seattle Washington was halted because shipyard workers went on a strike for higher wages due to the rising postwar prices, and many other workers joined in this orderly protest, and although the unions voted to end the strike because it was weakening, they claimed victory in modeling a new form of labor protests.
Other strikes included: The Boston Police Strike (1919) & The Coal Miners Strike (1919).

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By definition, Americanism is the allegiance to the traditions and ideals to the U.S.; however, in the 1920's , this term could also be referred to as "nativism", the belief that native born Americans are superior to foreign born Americans.
For example, the Red Scare from 1919-1920 was a period where many in the U.S. were afraid of immigrants, and as a result, many aliens were deported. The Sacco and Vanzetti illustrated Americanism as well since this case brought controversy as many believed they were being prosecuted for their background as immigrants and radical political beliefs . Lastly, the National Origins act of 1924 was passed to severely restrict immigration, discriminating against those who were from southern & eastern Europe, excluding Asians as well.

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Alice Paul formed the National Woman Party to urge President Wilson to pass the 19th amendment -- which thus granted suffrage to women. Through Paul's leadership, the party organized suffrage marches, songs, yet faced oppression and physical violence from attackers. Targeting Congress, the party led revolutionary and non-violent marches which captured many newspaper headlines and the spirit of suffrage for women. The 19th amendment was thus passed by Wilson, granting women with the right to vote.

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Babe Ruth is an iconic baseball player whom broke many records during his career as an athlete. For instance, he hit a total of 714 home runs as a baseball player. Ruth's lifestyle matched the 1920s, he drank and lived lavishly. Therefore, the role of sports played an important role in the 1920s, for more people are going outside to be entertained instead of lounging around at home.

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The GPD between 1920-1940 shows that America experienced a period of consumerism and prosperity. In relation to the graph, the history of the 1920s also delineates that American were using credit for the first time in history. However, the roaring twenties did not last long, as seen by the market crash of 1929 that brought the U.S into the Great Depression.

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"Return to Normalcy" is President Harding's campaign. According to Harding, normalcy meant to return to a time before WWI. To achieve "normalcy," Harding thus proposes the conservative agenda of laissez faire economic and isolationism ideal.

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The Harlem Renaissance was a literary, intellectual, and artistic movement that embodies the African American culture in the 1920. Therefore, the Harlem Renaissance offers Blacks self-expression through visual art, jazz, and poetry. The three leading contributors areJ ean Toomer, Langston Hughes, and Rudolf Fisher.

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Jazz music is significant to both the American and Black Culture. Jazz originated with African American, and for the first time in history, they gained a social standing through music. Therefore, Blacks were accepted as jazz musicians and as entertainers, and jazz also blended the music styles of two different ethnic communities. As a result, African American artists used jazz as a way to voice their miseries against cruelty and oppression by white. Three leading jazz musicians are
Louis Armstrong,
Duke Ellington, and
Willy "The Lion" Smith.

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The sexual revolution marked a time when women felt liberated of gender and social norms. The sexual revolution concentrates on intercourse outside of marriage, with the help of birth control developed by Margaret Sanger. Therefore, Sigmund Freud, a psychologist who studies sexual experiences, defines non-procreative sex as pleasure. As a result, along with Sanger's birth control and sexual theories, the nation explored a revolution.

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A Laissez Faire economy concentrates on no government intervention. In other words, the market is free and businesses are free to do as they please without regulations from the government. Therefore, taxes are reduced, particularly for corporations and wealthy individuals; high protective tariffs were enacted; and immigration was limited. All these are part of Harding's conservative agenda.

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"Why they came East I don't know. They had spent a year in France for no particular reason, and then drifted here and there unrestfully wherever people played polo and were rich together."

The quote portrays how the Lost Generation felt during the Roaring Twenties. Even with the alcohol and music/sexual revolution, the population still felt lost and without a sense of purpose. By being exposed to the war and its mental effect on an individual, people felt lost and trapped in a desolated wasteland.

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The political cartoon captures the 1920's since because of the ban on alcohol, illegal sales dominated the 1920s culture. The bootlegger in the cartoon is portrayed as tall and grande and is controlling a massive amount of profits from illegal sales of alcohol. The law, in the depiction of a tiny officer in comparison to the bootlegger, is then illustrated as weak. Therefore, the political cartoon criticizes the enforcement of the 18th amendment and its effect on both the economy and American people.

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The song talks about the apathetic Mississippi River, who continues to flow on without a care to the endless suffering of the African American that worked alongside of it. The song is part of a musical showboat; the song calls for social reform, as Blacks were still being lynched by racists mobs in the South. The song portrays the 1920 for in the mist of prosperity and wealth, there still exists racism and the need for reformation.

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Paul Robeson - Ol' Man River (Showboat - 1936) J.Kern O. Hammerstein II

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1. High Tariffs
2. Anti-Union
3. Laissez Faire
4. Trickle Down Policies

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The "Lost Generation" characterizes a generation of youth whom lost faith and hope in authority and modern society. F. Scott Fitzgerald's novel, This Side of Paradise, captures a solemn mood of a generation that no longer believes in God or mankind. The "Lost Generation" values are bleak and sorrowful, as its writers are nomadic and embodies the philosophy of modernism. Gertrude Stein popularizes the term, for "lost" portrays the soldiers and youth whom came back from the war with an unsettling feeling; they were unable to find peace.

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A series of raids against the left wing in 1919-1920. It redefined government action in American laws and led to the creation of the FBI to ensure national security.

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My documentary on the Palmer Raids. Enjoy!

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President Hoover took office the year America's economy plummeted into the Great Depression. Hoover's view is similar as of Harding's, for he firmly believes in a laissez faire economy with no government interference. Hoover thus ended up vetoing several bills that could have supported many citizens who were struggling during the Great Depression. As a result, Hoovervilles were established, ridiculing Hoover's administration as President.

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Al Capone was born in Brooklyn, New York to a family of poor, Italian immigrants. He became close friends with his mob mentor, Johnny Torrio, and assisted him in his booming business of gambling and prostitution, eventually being promoted to Torrio's right hand man. In 1925, Al Capone took over the Chicago mob after Torrio retired, and had feuds against his rival, the Bugs Moran gang; St. Valentines Day Massacre (1929), being one of the most well known. He schemed a fake police raid to rid of Bugs Moran gang and was successful; he was sought out by the police who tried to stop his reign, but wasn't sentenced to prison until 1931.

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When Coolidge said "A man who builds a factory, builds a temple", he means that the place where a man works is sacred to him and what he worships. The relationship between business and government in the 20's can be predicted to be corrupt as business owners would disobey the government's regulations.

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The flapper symbolizes women's desire to have fun, abiet reformers such as Carrie Chapman Catt fought for political rights and larger issues. The appearance of a flapper is quite obvious. Young women cuts the weight of their long locks to replace it with a witty and intriguing bob. In addition to the bob, flappers experiments with cosmetics; as well as stripping heavy, floor-length corsets to flouncy, non-restricting fashion.  "Flapperism," as the culture was called, represents a new-found freedom women gained, as they now can do what please them -- not their father nor mate. In such regards, smoking, drinking, and sexual interests were the defining characteristics of a flapper. Intriguing enough, the women during the 1920's, especially the flappers, drank more alcohol during the time of its prohibition.

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Lindbergh became well known by Americans from his feat of flying solo across the Atlantic ocean without any stops. He took off from New York and arrived in Paris. His accomplishment changed the country as it portrayed air travel as safe, and in a couple of years, more travelers became encouraged to use air travel

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History Brief: Charles Lindberg and the Spirit of St. Louis

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In this video, Charles Lindbergh and his trans-Atlantic flight across the Atlantic Ocean are discussed.