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The links between poverty and EF deficits

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Various apps for diverse learners

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For turning mind maps into text outlines

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Idea Sketch App Review for improving Executive Functioning Skills

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For strategic thinking

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Welcome to the world's largest web site devoted to logic puzzles! We've got more than 25,000 unique puzzles available for play, both online and the old fashioned way - with pencil and paper. Feel free to solve online just for fun, or, for an added challenge, register a free account and compete against thousands of other solvers to make it into our Logic Puzzle Hall of Fame!

Start a New Puzzle "

Logic puzzles come in all shapes and sizes, but the kind of puzzles we offer here are most commonly referred to as "logic grid" puzzles. In each puzzle you are given a series of categories, and an equal number of options within each category. Each option is used once and only once. Your goal is to figure out which options are linked together based on a series of given clues. Each puzzle has only one unique solution, and each can be solved using simple logical processes (i.e. educated guesses are not required).

A custom-labeled grid is provided for every puzzle, like the one you see to the right. The grid allows you to cross-reference every possible option in every category. You can eliminate pairs you know aren't true with an X, and pencil in pairs you know are related with an O. If you know, for example, that Lauren wasn't born in 1961, you can add an X in the box where the Lauren column and 1961 row meet. Similarly, if you know that Bryant was born in 1971, you can add an O in the appropriate box. Furthermore, since every option can only be used once in any given puzzle, you can eliminate the four other options for Bryant in that category (1937, 1946, 1961, 1975) and the four other options for 1971 (Anahi, Jayden, Lauren and Nikolas).

Continue doing this for every clue you're given. Eventually you will have filled in enough X's and O's on the board that you will then be able to use simple logic to deduce the solution to the puzzle. For example, if A = B, and B = C, then A must equal C. Similarly, if A = B, and B =/= D, then A must not equal D.

The logic puzzles you've come to love from Puzzle Baron, now on your favorite tablet! New features like multi-level undo, auto-x abilities and custom error checking make logic solving a breeze. Try it now on your favorite tablet by choosing the appropriate link below!

You'll never have to register an account to play on this site, but there are several reasons you may want to play as a registered user:

IT'S FREE! :-)

Monthly Competitions - registered players are automatically entered into our monthly scoring competitions, and are eligible for our Hall of Fame listings. Record solve times are also kept exclusively for registered members.

Resume Puzzles - save your progress on any puzzle and return to finish it later anytime within 24 hours.

Premium Upgrades - registered users are eligible for premium upgrades which remove all advertising from the site and result in a noticeably larger playing area on the puzzle solving page.

If any or all of the above features sound good to you, click on the button below to register for a free account:

Register for Free "

Highest Score

1065267 pts.

Highest Score

1050366 pts.

Highest Score

1000000 pts.

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Welcome to the world's largest web site devoted to logic puzzles! We've got more than 25,000 unique puzzles available for play, both online and the old fashioned way - with pencil and paper. Feel free to solve online just for fun, or, for an added challenge, register a free account and compete against thousands of other solvers to make it into our Logic Puzzle Hall of Fame!

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At a glance

Working memory refers to how we hold on to and work with information stored in short-term memory.

Kids use working memory to learn and follow directions.

You can build working memory games into your child's daily life.

Does your child have a hard time keeping one bit of information in mind while doing something else? For example, you're making spaghetti together, and your child's in charge of the sauce. But your child leaves to answer a text and forgets to come back and stir. Working memory challenges can cause trouble with tasks like these.

Working memory refers to how we hold on to and work with information that short-term memory stores. (In the past, the term working memory was used interchangeably with short-term memory.) It's part of a group of skills called executive function.

Kids use working memory all the time to learn. It's needed for things like following multi-step directions or solving a math problem in your head. You can help your child improve working memory by building simple strategies into everyday life.

1. Work on visualization skills.

Encourage kids to create a picture in their mind of what they've just read or heard. For example, say you've asked your child to set the table for five people. Have your child imagine what the table should look like, and then draw it. As kids get better at visualizing, they can describe the image instead of drawing it.

2. Have your child teach you.

Being able to explain how to do something involves making sense of information and mentally filing it. Maybe your child is learning a skill, like how to dribble a basketball. Ask your child to teach you this skill. Teachers do something similar by pairing up students in class. This lets them start working with the information right away rather than waiting to be called on.

3. Try games that use visual memory.

There are lots of matching games that can help kids work on visual memory, like the classic game Concentration (or Memory). You can also do things like give kids a magazine page and ask them to circle all instances of the word the or the letter a. License plates can also be a lot of fun. Take turns reciting the letters and numbers on a license plate and then saying them backwards, too.

Simple card games like Crazy Eights, Uno, Go Fish, and War can improve working memory in two ways. Kids have to keep the rules of the game in mind. They also have to remember what cards they have and which ones other people have played.

5. Encourage active reading.

There's a reason highlighters and sticky notes are so popular: Jotting down notes and underlining or highlighting text can help kids keep the information in mind long enough to answer questions about it. Talking out loud and asking questions about the reading material can also help with working memory. Active reading strategies like these can help with forming long-term memories, too.

6. Chunk information into smaller bites.

Ever wonder why phone numbers and social security numbers have hyphens in them? Because it's easier to remember a few small groups of numbers than it is to remember one long string of numbers. Keep this in mind when you need to give your child multi-step directions. Write them down or give them one at a time. You can also use graphic organizers to help break writing assignments into smaller pieces.

Using multiple senses to process information can help with working memory and long-term memory. Write tasks down so your child can look at them. Say them out loud so your child can hear them. Walk through the house as you discuss the family chores your child needs to complete. Using multisensory strategies can help kids keep information in mind long enough to use it.

8. Help make connections.

Help your child form associations that connect different details and make them more memorable. One way is to grab your child's interest with fun mnemonics. (For instance, the made-up name "Roy G. Biv" can help kids remember the order of the colors in the rainbow - red, orange, yellow, and so on.) Finding ways to connect information helps with forming and retrieving long-term memory. It also helps with working memory, which is what we use to hold and compare new and old memories.

Key takeaways

Teaching kids ways to visualize thoughts can help improve their working memory.

Card games and other fun activities can help build working memory.

Finding ways to connect information can help your child with long-term memory as well as working memory.

About the author

About the author

Amanda Morin is the author of "The Everything Parent's Guide to Special Education" and the former director of thought leadership at Understood. As an expert and writer, she helped build Understood from its earliest days.

Reviewed by

Reviewed by

Thomas E. Brown, PhD is a clinical psychologist and clinical associate professor of psychiatry at the Keck School of Medicine of USC.

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How to Improve Working Memory in Kids | Understood

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Working memory refers to how we hold on to and work with information stored in short-term memory. Kids use working memory to learn and follow directions. You can build working memory games into your child's daily life. Does your child have a hard time keeping one bit of information in mind while doing something else?

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ADHD can make many everyday situations difficult, but which ones are the most challenging for your child? Here are some common trouble spots and simple strategies that might make things easier for you and your child.

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5 Simple Ways to Improve Your Child's Focus

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ADHD can make many everyday situations difficult, but which ones are the most challenging for your child? Here are some common trouble spots and simple strategies that might make things easier for you and your child.

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Some children with learning and thinking differences have trouble seeing other viewpoints and alternative ways of doing things. Use these tips to help your child practice flexible thinking, which is essential for learning and everyday life.

1. Play the Fannee Doolee game.

Fannee Doolee only likes words with double letters. Keeping this rule in mind, you and your child can come up with things Fannee likes and dislikes. For example, she likes bees, but she doesn't like bugs. She likes jelly but not jam. Thinking about the sense of the words and the spellings can help your child learn to shift gears more comfortably.

2. Tell silly jokes and make puns.

Show your child how to use different meanings of words to make people laugh. For example, you can tell him a joke: "Why are fish so smart? Because they live in schools." Then you can talk together about how the punch line uses two meanings of the word "school." Encourage your child to come up with funny wordplay, too.

Take an ordinary object like a funnel and see how many different things you and your child can pretend it is: a party hat, a trumpet, a unicorn horn. This activity encourages your child to see things in more creative ways.

4. Read "Amelia Bedelia" and other books that play with words.

Kids who have trouble with flexible thinking may find it hard to understand that words can have more than one meaning. Riddles and jokes that play with words' meanings or sounds can also be confusing. You can work on these skills together by reading books like Amelia Bedelia, whose heroine takes everything very literally. When she's asked to "draw the curtains," she uses a marker to draw spots on them. You and your child can talk about what she should have done instead.

5. Make up new rules for games.

Kids who have difficulty with flexible thinking can have trouble seeing that there's more than one way to do things. Practice seeing alternatives by helping your child make up new rules for games. Have players slide down ladders and walk up slides in Chutes and Ladders. Run the bases in reverse order in kickball. Once your child gets comfortable with simple switches like this, try combining the rules of two games to make a new game.

6. Find more than one way to do everyday things.

Your child may be used to doing things in a certain order, so making small tweaks to an everyday process can show him that there are different options. For example, try making a peanut butter and jelly sandwich by spreading the jelly before the peanut butter. If your child is old enough, ask him to help you map a new route from school to home. This can help your child work on problem-solving skills, which involve coming up with different approaches to solving a problem.

7. Teach self-talk skills.

Teach your child to talk his way through solving a problem. As he gets older, self-talk skills will become more important. Encourage him to think out loud as he solves logic puzzles and other problems. Help him learn to ask questions like: Is this similar to another problem I've solved before? Is there something different here that I haven't come across in other problems? You may also want to ask his teacher what can be done in the classroom to help him work on flexible thinking and other skills.

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Some children with learning and thinking differences have trouble seeing other viewpoints and alternative ways of doing things. Use these tips to help your child practice flexible thinking, which is essential for learning and everyday life. 1. Play the Fannee Doolee game. Fannee Doolee only likes words with double letters.

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Common Accommodations for Kids with Dyslexia

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Common Accommodations for Kids with Dyslexia

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Practicing math skills can be fun-and it doesn't always have to feature numbers or equations. Some board games sneak in counting, sequencing and strategy as your child plays. Beyond classics like Hi Ho! Cherry-O, Connect Four and Yahtzee, these unique board games can help your child practice math skills.
Understood does not endorse or receive financial compensation for the sale of any of these products.

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8 Fun Games That Can Improve Your Child's Executive Functioning Skills

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Practicing math skills can be fun-and it doesn't always have to feature numbers or equations. Some board games sneak in counting, sequencing and strategy as your child plays. Beyond classics like Hi Ho! Cherry-O, Connect Four and Yahtzee, these unique board games can help your child practice math skills.

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Voice Dream Reader lets you listen to PDFs, Web pages, and books using text-to-speech. Featured by Apple as Best New App and App of the Day in 81 countries. Download now to start your free trial today!

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Predicts upcoming words

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8 Key Executive Functions

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About the Author

The Understood Team is composed of writers, editors and community moderators, many of whom have children with learning and attention issues.

Reviewed by

Philip David Zelazo, Ph.D., is the Nancy M. and John E. Lindahl Professor at the Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota.

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About the Author The Understood Team is composed of writers, editors and community moderators, many of whom have children with learning and attention issues. Reviewed by Philip David Zelazo, Ph.D., is the Nancy M. and John E. Lindahl Professor at the Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota.

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Checkvist: Keyboard-centric outliner and task manager

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Our Mission: To improve the lives of children, families, and educators everywhere.

PATHS® Training LLC is the original authorized worldwide provider of training and technical assistance for the curriculum, the research-based and proven-effective social and emotional learning (SEL) curricula for children in preschool through grade 6. Since its establishment in 2000, our company has provided high-quality workshops throughout the United States, as well as internationally.

On this web site, you will find information on the training services offered by PATHS® Training LLC, our trainers, and how to contact us to create a customized training and technical assistance plan for your school district or organization.

All of our trainers are highly experienced curriculum users who have undergone rigorous training and oversight to assure the highest fidelity of program implementation possible; as a result, our workshops help to maximize positive outcomes. Trainers understand the scientific basis, including developmental neuropsychology, on which the curricula are built, as well as practical considerations that contribute to successful implementations in the real world.

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PATHS™ - Promoting Alternative THinking Strategies

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Our Mission: To improve the lives of children, families, and educators everywhere. PATHS® Training LLC is the original authorized worldwide provider of training and technical assistance for the curriculum, the research-based and proven-effective social and emotional learning (SEL) curricula for children in preschool through grade 6.