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An organism keeps some of the energy is eats, that is how it grows and stays healthy, creates heat, respires, and produces cellular waste/egested waste.

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Dead stuff: The secret ingredient in our food chain - John C. Moore

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Egested waste is poop. When an animals produces egested waste they get rid of energy and other waste products.

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Animals use energy to create heat, after doing so the energy is burned and can no longer be used. Although it is not in the model, it is an important factor in larger animals

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Cellular Respiration a process that takes place in the cells which creates energy so organisms can breath. It releases waste products.

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A nutrient cycle is repeated cycle of a  nutrient/element from the environment through one or more organisms and back to the environment (carbon cycle, the nitrogen cycle and the phosphorus cycle). Having a consistent and reusable supply of nutrients is very important, it gives a better chance of survival and reproduction. The water cycle is another important cycle because water is necessary for all living things. The cycle allows it to be reused.

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Energy flow plays an important role in every environment. The oxygen and glucose produced by plants provide food for primary consumers. Primary consumers provide secondary consumers with food. Secondary consumers are food for tertiary consumers. All consumers produce carbon dioxide and water which go back to the producers (plants). The reason why less and less energy is being carried up the ecological pyramid is that bigger animals lose more energy, they need to respire more, they produce more egested waste, and they produce more heat

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Biomass is the total mass of all the organisms in one area  It measures the amount of life sustained in a certain biome which creates an understanding of which environments are the best for sustaining life and it measures organic material.

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Detritus is simply leaves or any other other organic debris that can be used as a food source. Detritus equals energy. It is most commonly known as leaves in rivers/streams fish feed on. This is important because it supplies fish with a sufficient energy source, so they can perform all of the necessary tasks of survival as well as be a food source for secondary and tertiary consumers. Detritus is an important component of energy flow.

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Photosynthesis occurs when plants use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water, it makes energy usable. Oxygen and glucose is the product. Photosynthesis is very important in every biome. It begins the energy flow. The energy produced by the plants provides not only energy/food for themselves, but also for primary consumers. Using the energy from plants, primary consumers consume much needed calories (energy) which they the use to respire,  produce heat, and egested waste. The biomass increase in the primary consumers always them to stay alive a be a food source for secondary consumers. The same concept applies for secondary and tertiary consumers. The larger the animal, the more they need to eat and the more energy they need to respire, produce heat, and egested waste.

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Decomposers break down other rotting/dead organisms to eat. They do hunt/eat live animals. They consume dead plants and mammals as well as insects (whatever is available). Examples of decomposers in the Deciduous Forest are fungi, mold, and mushrooms as well a vultures, and bacteria. Bacteria on the forest floor consumes dead leaves. These organisms consume the energy left behind, they ensure that minimal energy goes to waste. They produce nutrients needed by other plants by doing so.  Most invertebrates in this biome are decomposers .

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Deciduous Forest

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Tertiary consumers on on the fourth trophic level, on top of the food chain and top predators. In the Deciduous Forest, these consumers are large carnivores, such as cougars and bears. They mostly eat secondary consumers. Only 6 kilocalories are produced/maintained by these animals in a square meter per year.

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Some animals can be in two different trophic layers (birds can eat insects AND plants).

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Secondary Consumers are on the third trophic level which is made up of small carnivores (skunks, raccoons, foxes, some birds, and snakes). These organisms eat primary consumers. The bodies of the secondary consumers produce only 60 kilocalories in a square meter per year because they use most of their energy to stay alive and it is then burned/ no longer of use.

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Primary consumers are herbivores. They are second trophic layer on the ecological pyramid. In the Deciduous Forest, secondary consumers are insects, small rodents, birds, and deer that consume leaves and fruit as well as seeds. These animals produce 600 kilocalories per square meter in one year. The number of kilocalories produced by primary consumers is much less than the producers because they  perform respiration, produce egested waste, circulate blood, growth, and reproduction.

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Producers, plants, are on the first trophic layer on the ecological pyramid because they do not eat other organisms. They produce their food from sunlight. The plants in the Deciduous Forest (deciduous trees, grass, and shrubs) produce 6,000 kilocalories in each square meter per year through the produce of fruit, flowers, and seeds which the herbivores (secondary consumers) then consume.