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20K Years BP to 11K Years BP

The Pleistocene period was a diverse time in the African region, particularly in the area along the Nile known as Egypt. From the northern Delta moving south along the Nile was an area of arable land where we find evidence of Foragers, Hunter-gatherers, horticulture and agriculture. The Nile flooded ever spring and allowed people to plan agriculture as well as a means of travel and access to other areas.
Qadan (Nubia) sites show important development between 15k and 11k years BP. The discovery of cemeteries, grinding stones and evidence of conflict in the remains of people such as arrowheads and spearheads embedded in bones.

Saneda, Tori. "Ancient Egypt Part I." Ancient Egypt Part I. May 14, 2009. Accessed November 15, 2016.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p1r1l7hoPlY.

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This time period is marked by climatic changes that alter the areas in which vegetation grew. In the Sahara and lower Nile there was a wetter climate than today that allowed for things such as domestication of livestock like cattle and growing crops like wheat and barley. Evidence shows cattle were being domesticated around 7000 BP

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Tools help mark the changes from late hunter-gatherer societies to early agricultural areas. Microliths were small stone blades or flakes that had the back blunted to make them easier to handle and were used in late hunting for more effective arrow and spear heads and date back as far as 70000 BP. These tools were also associated with the development of axes and hoes used by early farmers.

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6500 BP to 5000 BP

During this time period the area of El Badari appears with significant advances in tools. More efficient arrow heads made of flint along with pottery and the beginning of textiles. Yarn woven from flax began to appear as well as pottery that had very thin very strong walls. We also start to see some metal objects such as copper pins and beads although no metal tools appear as of yet. In this timeframe we also start to see more ceremony in the burials. All of the Badarian burials are facing west and have things like pottery and trinkets in the tombs. We also see animals buried along side the remains of people.
The next thing we notice in this period is the beginning of a split between upper and lower Egypt along the Nile. The beginning of State qualities in the different areas.

Saneda, Tori. "Ancient Egypt Part I I." Ancient Egypt Part I. May 14, 2009. Accessed November 15, 2016.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5cizlSbDU0s

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5000 BP to 4600 BP

"The first true pharaoh of Egypt was Narmer (sometimes called Menes), who united Lower Egypt and Upper Egypt. He was the first king of the First Dynasty, the beginning of the Old Kingdom."(Barrow)
Narmer created the first capital of Egypt around 3100 BC where Upper and Lower Egypt met and called the City Memphis. He was believed at the time to be the God Horus son of Re the Sun God.

Barrow, Mandy. "Egyptian Pharaohs." Ancient Egypt. 2013. Accessed November 19, 2016. http://primaryhomeworkhelp.co.uk/egypt/pharaoh.htm.

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5000 BP tp 4600 BP

"From the beginning of the Dynastic Era (2950 B.C.), royal tombs were carved into rock and covered with flat-roofed rectangular structures known as “mastabas,” which were precursors to the pyramids. The oldest known pyramid in Egypt was built around 2630 B.C. at Saqqara, for the third dynasty's King Djoser."

History.com Staff. "Egyptian Pyramids." History.com. 2009. Accessed November 20, 2016. http://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/the-egyptian-pyramids.

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The Old Kingdom period stretched from the 3rd through the 6th Dynasties. (2688-2181 BC)

This is a long peaceful period in which the major accomplishment is the completion of the Giza Pyramids.
Papyri from the 5th dynasty show advancements in accounting and record keeping and the 6th dynasty has records of long ranging trading expeditions.

Millmore, Mark. "Egyptian Old Kingdom Dynastys." Discovering Ancient Egypt. Accessed November 20, 2016. http://discoveringegypt.com/ancient-egyptian-kings-queens/egyptian-old-kingdom-dynastys/.

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2180-2040 BC
This is the period in which the government of Egypt began to fail. Not much is known about this period other than it was marked by civil war and competing Kings.

"By the second half of it, there were two competing nomes with their own monarchs. The Theban king, King Mentuhotep II, defeated his unknown Herakleapolitan rival in about 2040, putting an end to the 1st Intermediate Period." (Gill)

Gill, N.S. "Ancient Egypt's 1st Intermediate Period." About.com Education. Accessed November 20, 2016. http://ancienthistory.about.com/od/egyptperiods/p/0218081stIntPer.htm.

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The 18th Dynasty is marked by the most famous of Egyptian Pharaohs King Tutankhamun. Known as the boy king, Tutankhamun reign was short lived.

King Tut died at the age of 18 without an heir. He was succeeded by Ay (c. 1352-1348), who married his widow, Ankhesenamen.

"Ancient Egyptian History: The New Kingdom - Dynasties 18 to 20." Reshafim: Kibbutz Homepage. Accessed November 20, 2016. http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/history18-20.htm#Tutankhamen

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18th Dynasty 1570-1293 BC

Not all Pharaohs were men. Hatshepsut was the first female Pharaoh and reigned between 1473 and 1458 BC.  She began the construction of the great temple at Deir el-Bahari at Luxor.
https://www.bing.com/images/search?q=great+temple+at+deir+el-bahari+at+luxor&view=detailv2&&id=C49058FA9A1463F1C849FBEB694F9917361BCA98&selectedIndex=0&ccid=4M04yp%2bY&simid=608018515386893227&thid=OIP.Me0cd38ca9f98beb2ed0dac0baa9c1afcH0