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Was a Vietnamese Communist revolutionary leader who was prime minister (1945–55) and president (1945–69) of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam). He was a key figure in the foundation of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam in 1945, as well as the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) and the  (NLF or VC) during the Vietnam War.He led the independence movement from 1941 onward, establishing the Communist-ruled Democratic Republic of Vietnam in 1945 and defeating the French Union in 1954 at the battle of Điện Biên Phủ.

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In the early twentieth century, Vietnamese nationalism against the French surged. In 1919, Ho Chi Minh, a Vietnamese socialist activist living in France at the time, submitted eight demands to the French at the Versailles Peace Conference that followed the end of World War. The French tried to counter the nationalist movements by appealing to traditional authority, propping up the Vietnamese emperor, Bao Dai, who took power in 1926.. However, the movements did create several enduring organizations, including the Vietnamese Nationalist Party (VNQDD), formed in 1927, and the Indochinese Communist Party (PCI), founded in 1930 by Ho Chi Minh himself.During World War II, when France fell to Germany, Japan occupied Vietnam from 1940 to 1945.During World War II, when France fell to Germany, Japan occupied Vietnam from 1940 to 1945.Americans opposed the Japanese in World War II, so Ho was able to convince U.S. leaders to secretly supply the Viet Minh with weapons to fight their new Japanese oppressors. General Vo Nguyen Giapfought successfully against the Japanese after Ho convinced him to adopt guerrilla tactics.In August 1945, near the end of the war and with Japan’s attention completely diverted, the Viet Minh conquered Hanoi in what became known as the August Revolution. Emperor Bao Dai abdicated his throne in late August, and just a week later, on September 2, the Japanese signed a formal surrender to end World War II.

Upon Japan’s defeat, Ho Chi Minh declared Vietnam to be independent, naming the country the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV).

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Prince Phetsarath Ratanavongsa was the 1st Prime Minister of Laos from 8 April to 20 October 1945, and was the first and last vice-king of the Kingdom of Laos.
Prince Phetsarath

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The council of security was to be composed of english and malay members who whould be in charge of the external affairs and defense of the country elections were held for the assembly in 1959 and the people action party (PAP) gained the majority headed by lee kuan yew the party acquired the independece of singapor from the english in 1963 singapore was jained by sarwak and sabah to complete the fedration called malausia on august 9 1965 singapore separated from malaysia and became a state on it own.

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Lee Kuan Yew, GCMG, CH, SPMJ (born Harry Lee Kuan Yew, 16 September 1923 – 23 March 2015), informally known by his initials LKY, was the first Prime Minister of Singapore, governing for three decades. Lee is recognised as the nation's founding father, with the country described as transitioning from the "third world to first world in a single generation" under his leadership.[

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The Burmese were once again on the streets fighting for their freedom until Great Britain acknowledge Burma's independence on January 4, 1948 under the leadership of U Nu

U Nu

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Nationalism emerged in Burma as a result of abusive political and economic rules of English. A nationalist called Young Men's Buddhist Association ( YMBA) was established in 1906. It opened schools to remind people to be proud of their local culture and develop nationalism among them. After the First World War, YMBA took the name General Council of the Buddhist Association ( GCBA ). The Association established the University of Rangoon and asked for autonomy from the English. The English refused which caused the students of the university to stage protests. The economic depression in 1930 affected Burma. Many lost their jobs and the Burmese launched violent rallies.

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The country was composed of three ethnic groups namely,malay,chinese and indian this was affected by workl-wide depression from1929 to 1932 in 1930 members of the communist party launched boycotts in plantation,mining,transportation and construction during the second world war japan invaded malaysia after the english governor general prectival surrendered in singapore in 1942 jPanese established military forces in malaysia and changed the political order of the nation the guerillas destroyed japanese establishment until the japanese surrendered in 1945 in 1946 omn bin zafar established pan malayan party that became united malay national organization (UMNO) wiht the objective to spread political awareness among the people malayan communist party launched protests in 1948 but the english crushed them in 1951 this gave way to the founding of the malay chinese organization  called the malayan chineseassociation (MCA) that eventualy joined force with UMNO to achieve merdeka or malayan freedom the goverment declared a state of shortage and it stpped the operation of communitguerillas in 1969 eelection was held in 1955 and the malay chinese and indian party MCI party acquired the majority of seats in the assfmbly mLaysia received ots independece and sovereignty in 1957

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1990) was a Malaysian politician who served as the first Chief Minister of the Federation of Malaya from 1955 to 1957, before becoming Malaya's first Prime Minister after independence in 1957, remaining Prime Minister following the formation of Malaysia in 1963, when Sabah, Sarawak, and Singapore joined the federation, until his retirement in 1970.

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Of all the organization in Burma, the Sinyetha Party (Poor Man's Party) established by Dr. Ba Maw was considered the most important. He organized the Forward Block and merged it with the Thakin Party.  The union of the    two encouraged the Burmese to rebel against the English.During the Second world war, Burma was acquired by the Japanese in 1941 from the English. The Burmese thought that this could be their chance to become free but the Japanese did not grant them independence. In August 1944, a nationalist group called the Anti- Fascist People's Freedom League (AFPFL) was established. It was headed by Aung San. Burma received  its independence from Japanese after the Second World War. However, the English forces returned to Burma.

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Saya San led the rebellion and declacred himself king of Burma. The deteriorating situation in Burma forced the English to crush the rebellion. Saya was arrested and killed in 1937.

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The java war happend because the dutch meddled with the affairs od the royalhouse of jog-jakarta,the culture system that was replaced by planting of cash crops in1866 was also abusive,the dutch abhorred but it is launching pushed through in 1901,in 1911,sarekat islam was established by umar sayed tjokraominoto,in 1918 the dutch gave volksraad or the people's council,in 1914 the redical socialist group called indies socia
democratic association (ISDA) was established in 1920 partai kommunis indonesia (PKI) was also formed in which the radical members of sarekat islam joined in november 1926 the party launched a revolt but it was not successful in 1927 per serikatannational indonesia (PNI) or the indonesian nationalist party was born this was headed by dr achmed sukarno and djipro mangun kusuma the dutch prevented and imprisoned at the flores island in 1929 a new socialist party called the partai imdonesia or partindoled by sultan sjaharir and mohammad hatta became popular in 1933 sukarno escaped arrest ahile sjaharir and hatta were wxilend in new guinea when the japanese surrendered to the allied forses sukarno declared the imdependence of indonesia on august 17 1945 holland did not acknowlege ot and the critizend for it on december 27 1049 independent indonesia was born

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was the first President of Indonesia, serving in office from 1945 to 1967.Sukarno was the leader of his country's struggle for Independence from the Netherlands. He was a prominent leader of Indonesia's nationalist movement during the Dutch colonial period, and spent over a decade under Dutch detention until released by the invading Japanese forces.

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Philippines Independence to Americans

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The Katipunan (abbreviated to KKK) was a Philippine revolutionary society founded by anti-Spanish Filipinos in Manila in 1892, whose primary aim was to gain independence from Spain through revolution.

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This was an organization by the illustrados led by Jose Rizal; this group opted for a peaceful way of dealing with Spaniards, however they lost.

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Nationalism spread in Laos as a result of the abusive government of the French. When the Japanese controlled it during World War, Laos was allowed to have an international administration. Eventually, the Japanese overthrew the Vichy French Government and gave to the Lao their freedom on October 12, 1945.The Japanese learned that the prime minister of Laos, Savong Vatthana , did not have plans of cancelling their being a protectorate of France. It was suggested that he be replaced by Prince Phetsarath. Towards the  last months of 1945 France sent troops to Laos to once reinstate their government. They defeat Lao Issarak and occupied Vientiane in 1946. Te organization was divided into two in 1949 with the moderates under Phouma while the extremists were under Vhong. Vhong met with the leaders under Vietminh of North Vietnam and they formed the guerilla organization called Pathet Lao (Land of Lao) in 1950. France get pressured by this and was forced to give Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam autonomy. France totally lost control of Indochina after the fallen of Dien Bien Phu. In 1953 Laos became a member of the French Union. After the conference in Geneva in 1954, Laos receive its freedom.

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Norodom Sihanouk, in full Preah Bat Samdech Preah Norodom Sihanouk (born October 31, 1922, Phnom Penh, Cambodia—died October 15, 2012, Beijing, China), twice king of Cambodia (1941–55 and 1993–2004), who also served as prime minister, head of state, and president. He attempted to steer a neutral course for Cambodia in its civil and foreign wars of the late 20th century.                                 Norodom Sihanouk

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During the last months of the Second World War King Norodom Sihanouk declared the independence of Cambodia. The Japanese encourageFree Khmer Movement , led by Son Ngoe Thanh , and Pach Chhoeun, to establish a national organization to fight the French. Pach was arrested while Son escaped to Japan in 1942.Sihanouk felt that the French government was to abusive. The members of the Khmer Issarak  (Free Khmer Movement)surrendered to join the Democratic Party. But the French remained to be deaf to the pleas of the Cambodians.France was ready to give Cambodia autonomy by not full independence. Sihanouk was put in a difficult situation because of the population their nation and the National Assembly continued to detest the rule of the French. In January 1953 , the king of Cambodia surprised his people by encouraging them to continue the fight so that they could gain the sympathy of the world. this reached France and United States. After a series negotiations , Cambodia was granted its independence on November 9, 1953, which was also the birthday of Sihanouk.

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*Philippines
-Filipino nationalism began with an upsurge of patriotic sentiments and nationalistic ideals in the 1800s Philippines that came as a consequence of more than three centuries of Spanish rule. ... These nationalistic sentiments have led to a wide-ranging campaign for political, social, and economic freedom in the Philippines.
- The harsh rule of the Spaniards fueled nationalism among the Filipinos.Thay launched many rebellions in different places:
- 1596 the rebellion of Magat
- 1660  in Pampanga led by Francisco Maniago
-1744 in Bohol led by Francisco Dagohoy
-1762 in Ilocos Sur led by Diego Silang...
most of this rebellions failed but Filipinos continued to fight.
July 4, 1946 - The Philippines gained Independence

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Dr. Sun Yat-sen was appointed president of the republican government of China.
His program was called the "Three Principles of the People"
1. Nationalism- so that China becomes free from invaders.
2. Democracy- in which people have representatives in the government.
3. Good life for the people.

Dr. Sun Yat-sen

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in which the members of the Boxer Harmony Fists who were experts in martial arts supported the Manchus against the foreigners. But the Europeans joined forces against China. This enraged the Chinese all the more and fueled their desire to regain their independence.

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The victory of the Government over the Taiping Rebellion and the continuous land grabbing by the foreigners encourage Empress Dowager Ci Xi to implement modernization in a hope that this will be the way to defeat the enemies.
but the Chinese had to face the Japanese in the Sino-Japanese War. China lost in this war and had to give up Korea and Formosa to Japan. Eventually, the Japanese also acquired Manchuria
Empress Dowager Ci Xi

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-Chinese nationalism is the form of nationalism in China which asserts that the Chinese people are a nation and promotes the cultural and national unity of the Chinese.
The partition of China by the Europeans was a big insult to the Chinese people especially to the government which was not able to do anything but accept the unfair demands of foreigners. Many rebellions were staged to overthrow the invaders and to replace the Ming Dynasty because it was not effective in dealing with the foreigners.
-The Taiping Rebellion in 1850-1864 (14 years)  led by Hung Hsui Ch'uan was meant to overthrown the Ming Dynasty of the Manchu and establish a new dynasty called ''Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace" or Taiping  His program had Christian influences such as the:
- equality of men and women
- distribution of lands to all people
- community ownership of business instead of just few individuals controlling it
-and overthrowing the Manchu people whom they considered as foreigeners, from  the Chinese government
The downfall of the Taiping Rebellion:
-The government did not give enough support to Ch'uan's rebellion because his ideas were radical in Chinese culture
-because of the provicial leaders who asked for more powers in exchange for their help

Hung Hsui Ch'uan leader of the Taiping Rebellion

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By the 20th century, most of     Asia had been suffering the negative effects of imperialism. had affected the different aspects of life of the Asians. Nationalism was the response of the colonies through all these. This was the main weapon of the Asian nations in their fight for independence. What is nationalism? How did it develop in Asian nations? How did the Asian nations use this as a weapon in fighting for independence?

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- U Nu
- Sun Yat- sen
- Boxers Rebellion
- Viet Cong
- Achmed Sukarno
- Norodom Sihanouk
- Ho Chi Minh
- Mohammed Hatta
- Ba Maw
- Viet Minh
- Lee Kuan Yew
- Taiping Rebellion
- Nationalism
- Andres Bonifacio
- Tungku Abdul Rahman

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A. Nationalism in East Asia
* birth of nationalism
* development of nationalism
* role played by nationalism in acquiring independence
B. Nationalism in Southeast Asia
* birth of nationalism
* development of nationalism
* role played by nationalism in acquiring independence

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1. Define Nationalism
2. Discuss the birth and development of Nationalism in nations in East and Southeast Asia
3. Describe the role played by nationalism in acquiring independence for East and Southeast Asia.
- EAP