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https://youtu.be/ZYdBc-SM4kI

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https://youtu.be/d8NZjNdvXu0

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Rococo was a European artistic movement of French origin that was characterized by its cheerful and provocative style, and its taste for excessive decoration. It manifested itself in painting, architecture, decorative arts and sculpture.

Rococo art developed in the early 18th century, in the transition period between Baroque and Neoclassical art. Although it shares interest in the profusion of details with the Baroque, it differs from it by substituting its solemnity and drama for pleasure and entertainment.

Rococo respected neither the Church nor the State. Love, sensuality and everyday life were more interesting topics than spiritual or temporal glories.

The word rococo comes from the term rocaille, a kind of garden decoration based on the use of seashells or pebbles.

Unlike Baroque art, Rococo art was characterized by being joyful, celebrating life, giving space to humor, grace and light eroticism. A style that sought to express grace and joy. His character was festive. Although the rococo was ornate in decoration, its atmospheres sought to be bright and enthusiastic. It has a large dose of humor and mischief that suppresses any attempt at solemnity. For this reason, rococo also expresses the relaxation of etiquette.

The preferred themes in the rococo were sentimental adventures, pastoral scenes, the amusements of the idle elite and domestic life. Religious, mythological or historical themes were not left out, but they were stripped of their solemnity. Gone are the moralizing, didactic scenes or scenes that flaunted power. Every topic passed through the filter of grace, pleasure and everyday life.

One of the ways Rococo artists found to bring grace and playfulness was to change the palette from earthy, dark, rich colors to pastels and whites. This was applied both in painting and architectural decoration, thanks to which everything was wrapped in grace and sensuality.

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The Baroque had dominated Western aesthetics from the mid-16th century and throughout the 17th century. Those were times of religious wars and consolidation of absolutism.

In France, towards the last years of King Louis XIV's rule, the stability achieved made baroque ceremonial unnecessary. But then, the Sun King felt the nobles as a threat. Near the end of his reign, the king stripped the nobility of their power in the field, making them an idle elite.

Three events were fundamental in the impulse of the rococo:

the death of King Louis XIV;

the influence of King Louis XV's favourite, the Marquise de Pompadour;

the exchange of artists between the different European courts.

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Who built it was Johann Balthasar Neumann, with the aim of honoring the 14 holy intercessors, known as Holy Helpers. It is estimated that more than a million people visit this place annually. According to local accounts, the Angels appeared to Hermann Leicht, a young pastor of the Franciscan monastery, saying that they were 14 intercessors and wanted a church to be built in their honor.

According to legend, the shepherd of the Hermann Leicht monastery was able to observe a little boy crying in the forest up to three times. It was precisely on the third of these appearances that he entrusted him, along with fourteen saints, with the task of building a temple in his honor. The Franciscan monks of Leicht set up a chapel in their monastery in honor of the apparition, and in a very short time it became a place of pilgrimage.

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Johann Balthasar Neumann

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Rococo architecture was noted for simple facades, albeit with extensive gardens and extravagant interiors. The ornamentation was ornate, with columns in the form of a spiral and overloaded with ornamentation, the use of pastel colors and many details in gold. The style was accompanied by exaggeratedly decorated objects and sculptures.

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The semigod is transformed into a tender child, the bone-breaking club transforming into heart-piercing arrows, at the moment when marble is replaced by stucco.

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Cupido tallando sus dardos de amor con el garrote de Hércules

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Cupido tallando sus dardos de amor con el garrote de Hércules

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Edmé Bouchardon

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The development of sculpture within the Rococo period occurs as a result of the transition between Louis XIV and Louis XV. Its origin, therefore, takes place in France and later spread to other countries in Europe and America. As far as the usefulness of Rococo sculpture is concerned, it served to adorn both the interior and exterior.

One of the outstanding aspects of the sculptural works of the Rococo is the predominance of porcelain. The use of marble also predominated. Likewise, wood, iron and bronze were also used, especially in creations destined for temples of the Catholic Church.

Unlike what happens with rococo painting, the sculpture belonging to this current does not present marked differences in relation to the baroque. However, it should be noted that softness and delicacy predominate.

Freedom is a characteristic of the rococo that can be seen in the risks that sculptors often took and that are evident in characteristics such as the absence of symmetry. This freedom is also evident in the theme of the rococo sculptural work. Sensuality and eroticism are also part of the elements that define this current and many sculptures reflect accentuated nudity.

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In classical mythology, Charon was the ferryman in charge of transporting the souls of the deceased to Hades, upon payment of a coin. Although in reality, the subject matters little here, it is a simple excuse to be able to paint a classicist-style male nude. The artist dispenses with anecdotal elements that can distract us from what is truly important: the great body of this handsome man. The dark background, slightly illuminated at the bottom by the glow of hellfire, brings out the whiteness of Charon's skin. The sorrowful souls that surround him are completely wrapped in white shrouds, a color that again refers us to the skin tone of the protagonist. Subleyras paints Charon from behind, leaning on the oar of his boat, with his body in tension and one of his legs foreshortened. By supporting the weight on one foot, the column is slightly curved, imitating the famous contraposto of Greek sculptures, the main source of inspiration for the nudes.

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Rococo painting was characterized by the use of light and pastel colors and techniques that recreated greater light in the scenes. The prevailing themes, always highlighted by the opulence of aristocratic society, dealt with love, mythology, landscapes, and social gatherings. Painting was also part of the ornamentation of buildings, such as the ceilings and domes of basilicas and palaces. Rococo was a courtly and insubstantial art, full of passion, disorder and colour. The French painter was influenced by the Rococo spirit.  The Rococo style of art was characterised by lightness, grace, playfulness and intimacy and emerged out of France around the beginning of the 18th century and in the following century spread through all Europe.  He painted different subjects, including portraits, mythological scenes and still lifes, but above all he was recognized for his religious paintings.

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Pierre Subleyras

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Charon Passing the Shades Pierre Subleyras