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 Overseers watched the slaves progress as they worked and disciplined those that were deemed to be working too slow. 

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The Peculiar Institution is slavery. It began in America with the earliest European settlements and ends with the Civil War. Slavery, at the time, existed both in the north and in the South, at times in equal measure. The industrialization of the North and the expansion of demand for cotton in the south shifted the balance so that it became a regional issue, as the southern economy grew increasingly reliant on cheap labor.

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After the American Revolution, the United States received new territory from Great Britain that stretched from the Application Mountains to the Mississippi River, and from Canada to Spanish Florida.

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The Three-fifths compromise, is a a compromise agreement between delegates from the Northern and the Southern states at the United States Constitutional Convention  that three-fifths of the slave population would be counted as free people for determining direct taxation and representation in the House of Representatives.

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Eli Whitney, a man in the south, had just invented the cotton gin. This was a great invention however it also raised the need for enslaved labor. As this was happening in the South, the Abolishment Movement was forming in the North.

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The Louisiana Purchase was the purchase of the Louisiana Territory made by Thomas Jefferson with France. This doubled the size of the United States, The Louisiana Purchase encompassed 530,000,000 acres of territory in North America and was purchased for $15 million.

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Small land on the border of Canada and the Louisiana Territory 

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Land Above the Louisiana Purchase (1818) 

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Land Above the Louisiana Purchase (1818) 

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At the time Britain owned Canada, Both the British and American governments wanted to claim land along the boundary of Canada and the Louisiana Territory, an agreement was negotiated to divide the land. The United States was given a small area just above the Louisiana Territory.

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Florida was under Spanish rule until America started attacking and they had to reconsider their ownership of Florida, America negotiated to buy the Florida Cession from Spain for $5 million. This land included Florida and parts of Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana.

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In an effort to preserve the balance of power in Congress between slave and free states, the Missouri Compromise was passed in 1820 admitting Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state

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Built between 1817 and 1825, The Erie Canal traversed 363 miles from Albany to Buffalo, making it the longest artificial waterway and the greatest public works project in North America.

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Texas was the Northern territory of Mexico. 

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hoping to gain more territory Mexico opened textas for new settlers as long as they followed Mexico's laws. new immigrants ignored Mexico's laws, for example even though slavery was against the laws there, many people still brought their slaves. This led to Mexico closing the border for future settlers. Texas then declared its independence to Mexico, after General Houston defeated Santa Anna in the battle of San Jacinto, and the Texan Revolution came to an end, Texas gained its independence. After gaining their independence they asked congress if they could be admitted into the Union as a state, the North voted against this and Texas remained as an independent country, that is until Texas threatened to become a territory of Britain and Congress added them as the 28h state.

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One of the many representations of manifest destiny. 

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Manifest destiny was a widely held belief that American settlers were supposed to go and expand their dominion and spread democracy and capitalism across North America. Contemporary historians also widely condemned manifest destiny as an ideology used to justify dispossession and genocide against Native Americans.

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Harriet Tubman was an American abolitionist and political activist. She was born into slavery. However, Tubman escaped and subsequently made 13 missions to rescue approximately 70 enslaved people, including family and friends, using the network of antislavery activists and safe houses known as the Underground Railroad.

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The Compromise of 1850 was a package of five separate bills passed by the United States Congress in September 1850 that defused a political confrontation between slave and free states on the status of territories acquired in the Mexican–American War.

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Uncle Tom's Cabin is a book that evolves around anti-slavery and was written by Harriet Beecher Stowe. she had written Uncle Tom's Cabin in reaction to recently tightened fugitive slave laws. The book had a major influence on the way the American public viewed slavery. The book established Stowe's reputation as a woman of letters.

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The Kansas-Nebraska Act repealed the Missouri Compromise, created two new territories, and allowed for popular sovereignty. It also produced a violent uprising known as “Bleeding Kansas,” as proslavery and antislavery activists flooded into the territories to sway the vote.

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Dred Scott was a slave in Virginia who had tried to sue for his freedom in court. Eventually the case one to the level where it could be bought to the supreme court. It then was ruled that slaves were a piece of property which had undone year of their progress to freedom. Polarization then got more intense.

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The Lincoln-Douglas Debates, was a series of seven debates between the Democratic senator Stephen A. Douglas and a Republican challenger Abraham Lincoln during the 1858 Illinois senatorial campaign. This largely concerned the issue of slavery extension into the territories.

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An abolitionist named John Brown had planned to lead a small group on a raid against a federal armory in Harpers Ferry, Virginia, in an attempt to start an armed revolt of enslaved people and destroy the institution of slavery. This planned ended up backfiring on him as the slaves were too scared to join him on this raid and escape.

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The election of 1860 was one of the most important presidential elections in American history. It pitted Republican nominee Abraham Lincoln against Democratic Party nominee Senator Stephen Douglas, Southern Democratic Party nominee John Breckinridge and Constitutional Union Party nominee John Bell. The main issue of this election was slavery and states’ rights. Lincoln won and became the 16th President of the United States during a national crisis; The Civil War.

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On April 12 1861, forces from the Confederate States of America attacked the United States military garrison at Fort Sumter, South Carolina. Less than two days later, the fort surrendered. No one was killed. However, This event started the Civil War, the bloodiest conflict in American history.