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During the 1940s, Orange County, CA schools used this chart to enroll students.

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This 1942 sign details the places where people of Japanese descent were allowed to live.

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In 1946, the National School Lunch Act created the modern school lunch program, though USDA had provided funds and food to schools for many years prior to 1946.bout 7.1 million children were participating in the National School Lunch Program by the end of its first year, 1946‐47.

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The 1946 ruling of Melendez v. Westminster gives Mexican students in California equal rights to education.

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In response to a suit brought by the NAACP on behalf of three black high school students, the Mansfield school district  was the first in Texas ordered by a federal court to desegregate. The school board acquiesced, but white citizens resisted, aided by the complicity of the mayor and chief of police. While some 100 other, mostly West Texas, school districts desegregated quietly that fall, angry mobs of 300 to 400 whites ringed Mansfield High School on August 30 and 31, preventing the enrollment of the three students.​

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The Little Rock Nine was a group of nine African American students enrolled in Little Rock Central High School in 1957.

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The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was the 4th Civil Rights Act passed by the US (1866, 1875, 1957)​

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It outlawed public, intentional discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin in government agencies and facilities, public accommodations, education, and employment; established a federal enforcement structure and empowered victims of discrimination to sue and the government to withhold federal funds from violators.

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Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (ESEA 1965)​

April 11th, 1965, Presideny Lyndon B. Johnson signed ESEA into law​

Congress called ESEA "Johnson's War of Poverty"​

Establishes high standards and accountability​

Closes gaps between students by providing fair and equal opportunities to achieve an education​

Provided funds are for professional development, instructional materials, resources to support education programs, and parental involvement promotion

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In 1968 Congress passes the Bilingual Education Act, providing the first funding to encourage schools to incorporate native-language education in their curriculum.

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Tinker v. the Des Moines Independent Community School District - The Supreme Court decision that affirmed students’ rights to free expression of speech guaranteed in the First Amendment and the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth. The famous line from the ruling stated that, “….Students do not shed their right to free speech at the schoolhouse gate.” Des Moines administrators changed their policy of limiting student expression to comply with the court’s ruling.​

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After the integration of Waukegan schools, Edith Smith was elected to the Waukegan Township High School (Illinois) District 119 board in 1968 in one of the school districts that preceded the current consolidated Waukegan School District 60.​

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The Oakland Community School was opened in 1973 and operated by the Black Panther Party in Oakland. The alternative school grew out of No. 5 in the Black Panther Party’s Ten Point Program, which called for educating black and poor people about their true history in the United States.​

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In 1973 Demetrio Rodriguez, pictured here, was the plantiff in the case Rodriguez v. San Antonio. The case, which was eventually brought before the Supreme Court, found that the San Antonio Independent School District was not violating the constitution by relying on property taxes to disproportionately fund their schools.  ​

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In 1974, Milliken v. Bradley clarified the distinction between de jure and de facto segregation, confirming that segregation was allowed if it was not considered an explicit policy of each school district. The Court held that the school systems were not responsible for desegregation across district lines unless it could be shown that they had each deliberately engaged in a policy of segregation.​

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In Penick v. Columbus Board of Education (1977), judge Robert Duncan ruled that the Columbus (Ohio) Board of Education knowingly kept white and black students apart by creating school boundaries that sent black students to predominantly black schools and white students to predominantly white schools, and had failed to use its authority to alleviate existing racial imbalances. ​

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The Indian Child Welfare Act was enacted in 1978 because of the disproportionately high rate of forced removal of Native American children from their traditional homes and essentially from Native American cultures as a whole. ​

It also gave Native American parents the legal right to deny their children’s placement in off-reservation schools and boarding schools. ​

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In June 1982, the US Supreme Court issued Plyler v. Doe, a landmark decision holding that states cannot constitutionally deny students a free public education on account of their immigration status. By a 5-4 vote, the Court found that any resources which might be saved from excluding undocumented children from public schools were far outweighed by the harms imposed on society at large from denying them an education. ​

This ruling was based on a case from Texas where in 1975, the Texas Legislature authorized local school districts to deny enrollment in public schools to foreign-born children who were not “legally admitted” to the United States.

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In 1983 the Fort Worth (Texas) School District established the Language Center program for middle and high school immigrant students. ​

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“A Nation at Risk” was published in 1984. President Ronald Reagan developed an education reform program because of the report targeting schools that were deemed failing. The term “at-risk” was then expanded to refer to “failing” students themselves

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The West Metro Education Program began as a concept in 1989 when Minneapolis and eight suburban school districts joined in an effort to comply with Minnesota state desegregation rules that were in effect at the time. ​

In the late 1990s, the state Legislature appropriated money to create the inter-district schools offering programs to prompt voluntary desegregation.​

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The Sheff v. O'Neill case arose in 1988 over the concern that schools in the Hartford area were isolating students through racial segregation and therefore, did not provide an equal and adequate education. This pivotal case, which began in 1988 and moved to the Connecticut Supreme Court in 1996, continues to affect Connecticut's educational system by requiring new plans, still being formulated today, to address racial, ethnic, and economic isolation in Connecticut's schools.

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During this decade many districts won release from court ordered desegregation plans.​

A report by the Harvard Civil Rights Project said that while schools in the South still have more integration of African-Americans and whites than before the desegregation movement, they lost ground in the 1990s. ​

And it highlights that segregation of Latinos from non-Hispanic whites in schools is even greater than it is for African-Americans.​

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In 1991, Oklahoma City v. Dowell decided that a federal desegregation order should be ended even though it meant that schools would become re-segregated since the Oklahoma schools had been arranged into a unitary system.​

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The Robin Hood plan was a media nickname given to legislation enacted by the U.S. state of Texas in 1993 to provide court-mandated equitable school financing for all school districts in the state, in response to the Texas Supreme Court's ruling in Edgewood Independent School District v. Kirby. ​

The law "recaptured" property tax revenue from property-wealthy school districts and distributed those in property-poor districts, in an effort to equalize the financing of all school districts throughout Texas.

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On June 12, 1995 the Court, in a 5-4 decision, overturned a District Court ruling that required the state of Missouri to correct de facto racial inequality in schools by funding salary increases and remedial education programs.​

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Since 2000, 71 predominately white communities  have attempted to secede from their school districts. Of these, 47 communities have been successful at splitting from their districts. ​

States such as Alabama make it easy for a town to create its own district.

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In 2002, President Bush signed the No Child Left Behind Law that required states to track progress of subgroups including minorities and special education students.​

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Race to the Top was a $4.35 billion United States Department of Education competitive grant created to spur and reward innovation and reforms in state and local district K-12 education.​

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The state-led effort to develop the Common Core State Standards was launched in 2009 by state leaders, including governors and state commissioners of education from 48 states.

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Michael Brown attended and graduated from Normandy High School, which is part of the recently renamed Normandy Schools Collaborative. Missouri has long identified Brown’s district in northern St. Louis county as struggling, so much so that the state revoked its accreditation in 2012.

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In January 2014, approximately 40 students at Uintah Elementary School (in Salt Lake City, Utah) had their lunches removed from them and thrown in the trash. According to the school district, the students' lunch accounts were in arrears, and the district's child-nutrition manager visited the school and decided to take away the students' lunches.

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A national study called Fault Lines put Pennsylvania among the most educationally segregated states in the country, with borders that create wealthy, predominantly white school districts right next door to those that are mostly nonwhite and impoverished.​

For more than two decades, Pennsylvania had no predictable funding formula, allowing inequities to grow. It gave districts the same amount they got the previous year, regardless of enrollment drops or other changes. ​

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The Southern Poverty Law Center sued Collier County School District (Florida) saying that the system violated several federal and state laws by refusing to enroll immigrant teenagers aged 16 and older in high school, instead sending them to English Language adult education programs that don't teach other subjects or provide them a chance to earn credits toward a high school diploma. ​

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Some African-American students at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Broward County, Florida say their voices have been ignored by the media and others in the aftermath of the deadly school shooting.​

"I would say that our voices were not intentionally excluded, but they were not intentionally included," said Kai Koerber, a junior. "Now more than ever, it is time to represent the diversity of our school, and the diversity in the world.”

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After a four year battle, the Texas Board of Education will give a final vote on a new Mexican American course for high school students on Friday, April 13, 2018.​

The Texas Education Agency gave preliminary approval for the course on April 11th.​

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Hartford schools continue to sharply divide along racial, ethnic and economic lines, with white children at least twice as likely to hit the proficiency benchmark as their black and Hispanic peers.

Since the early 2000s, a series of agreements between the plaintiffs and the State have established nearly 40 inter-district magnet schools and a robust Open Choice program, which allows Hartford students to transfer to suburban schools. Today, over 44% of Hartford students attend a magnet or Open Choice school.

The new agreement lasts until June 2022 and seeks to place 47.5% of Hartford students in integrated schools.

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Dr. Miguel Cardona becomes the new Secretary of Education. Cardona was previously a long-time educator in Connecticut, and the first Latinx commissioner of education in Connecticut.