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● Kolb, B., Whishaw, I., & Teskey, G. (2019). An introduction to brain and behavior (6th ed.). New York: Worth Publishers.

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The value of a neuron and their parts are that by understanding neurological structures and functions, neuropsychology can determine the correlation of brain related strengths and or weaknesses and evaluate how to help whether it is the cause of a neurological impairment or a cause of treatment.
A neuron has four parts and all of them help to decode signals that are much like an electrical signal from a tv remote to a tv and all possible actions between the neurons and ions within it lead to actions called potentials which indicate what concentrations are held within the cells and the charges within them.

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What are ions and how do they move in and out of a cell?

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What are ions and how do they move in and out of a cell?

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Ions are atoms or groups of atoms that gain an electrical charge by losing or acquiring electrons  (Kolb, et al., 2019).
To enter or exit the neuron, ions must pass through special proteins called ion channels which all have different configurations such as closed, inactive and open. These ion channels are sensitive to their environment allowing them to change their shape accordingly and respond to voltage changes.

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How are action potentials different from other electrical signals? 

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How are action potentials different from other electrical signals? 

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Action potentials are electrical signals carried along neurons and allow neurons proper signaling to move the body or do any action much like electronic devices.
When you point a tv remote and press the turn on/ off towards the tv, it causes an unseen action which promptly starts up the tv. In the same way, our neurons send billions of messages and continuously receives and relays those messages until that action is done  (Kolb, et al., 2019).

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What are the four parts of a neuron and what do they do? 

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What are the four parts of a neuron and what do they do? 

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What are neurons and glial cells? What one has the most abundant amount of cells? 

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What are neurons and glial cells? What one has the most abundant amount of cells? 

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Neurons are the conducting cells of the nervous system  (Kolb, et al., 2019). Glial cells or neuroglial are more numerous than neurons and do not conduct nerve impulses but rather they are a caretaker for neurons  (Kolb, et al., 2019).

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There are four basic parts and these include the dendrites, cell body or soma, axons and the axon terminal  (Kolb, et al., 2019).

Dendrites- Receives and processes electrical and or chemical signals from rootlike extensions  (Kolb, et al., 2019).
Cell Body (soma)- Neuron's core which carries the genetic information, maintains the structure and provides energy to complete a given task.  (Kolb, et al., 2019)
Axons-Transmits electrical or chemical signals to to other cells. Insulated by myelin which helps to conduct signals (Kolb, et al., 2019).
Axon Terminal- Where the message is carried out and connected to other neuron dendrites  (Kolb, et al., 2019).

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What happens during the repolarization or falling phase of the action potential?

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What happens during the repolarization or falling phase of the action potential?

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During repolarization, the sodium gates close and potassium gates open allowing potassium to rush out of the axon  (Kolb, et al., 2019). This returns a negative charge to the inside of the axon reestablishing the negative potential.

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What happens during the depolarization or rising phase of the action potential?

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What happens during the depolarization or rising phase of the action potential?

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When a nerve impulse stimulates ion channels to open, positive ions flow into the cell and cause depolarization which then leads to muscle cell contraction.

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What are the two main ions that contribute to the resting potential?

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What are the two main ions that contribute to the resting potential?

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Resting potential is the result of different concentrations inside and outside the cells with Na+ and K+ ions inside and out of the cell  (Kolb, et al., 2019).