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What is Critical Pedagogy?
Critical pedagogy is a teaching method that aims to help students examine and challenge dominance, as well as the dominant ideas and behaviors. To put it another way, it's a philosophy and practice for assisting pupils in developing critical consciousness.

Aim:
It focuses on the development of instructional practices that increase students' capacity for thinking wisely in both their academic and everyday lives. One of its main goals is to encourage pupils to critically assess their own logic and to cultivate in them a mindset that actively questions the assumptions that drive their daily lives.

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It refers to educational initiatives that question and reject racism and other types of discrimination in schools and society, as well as recognize and affirm the plurality (ethnic, racial, linguistic, religious, economic, and gender) that students, their communities, and instructors employ in the classroom.

Its objectives are to improve all students' self-awareness by assisting them in seeing themselves as members of distinct, non-universal cultures; provide all students with alternative cultural lenses and opportunities; provide all students with the skills, attitude, and knowledge required to form successful cross-cultural relationships; lessen the differentiation caused by unnecessary racial or ethnic prejudice; and assist all students in achieving academic success.

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Learning, in essence, is what produces a transformation in an individual's perspective. It entails the creation of learning content that causes a change in learners' perceptions, resulting in the acquisition of new knowledge.

In Mezirow's theory, there are two types of learning: instrumental learning and communicative learning. Instrumental learning is learning how to control and manipulate the environment or other people, while communicative learning is understanding what others mean when they speak with us. Feelings, goals, ideals, moral dilemmas, and meanings are all part of this.

Adults create sense of events by investigating, questioning, validating, and updating ideas, values, attitudes, and feelings, according to this definition of learning.

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Relationship:
They are all similar in their approach to struggling all forms of prejudice and attempting to ensure that everyone receives the same education everywhere.

Differences:
While critical pedagogy aims for societal emancipation, transformative learning has been a research project focusing on individual change.

Similarities:
They are all born to abolish the privileges and discriminations that have been imposed by the past.

Critical multicultural education and transformational learning are essentially identical, with the exception that 'transformative learning' focuses more on developing solutions to address inequality in these areas.