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Treatment for NHL is determined by evaluating which cells are impacted (B cells or T cell).  Treatment options will also change based on the age of the patient, however, the options are the same.

Most common treatment methods include:

chemotherapy: stop the growth of cancer cells by killing them or preventing division

radiation: uses high energy x-rays to kill cancer cells

stem cell transplant: healthy cells are intoduced into the body to replace cancer cells

medicines: increases productivity of immune system

phototherapy: uses a laser light to kill cancer cells

immunotherapy: the patients immune system fights the cancer

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How does this relate to Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma? 

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How does this relate to Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma? 

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Because NHL is a cancer, it is important to know why a healthy person can get diagnosed with NHL. Even if you live a healthy lifestyle, mutations during mitosis or interphase can cause tumors to form. This is due to a lack of cell cycel regulation caused by mutaions in interphase. These mutations accumulate and form a tumor in the white blood cells of the lymphatic system, casuing a Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma diagnosis. However, treatment methods try to kill mutated cells or replace mutated cells with healthy cells.

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If a mutation occurs due to the envrionment, carcinogens can cause mutations in our DNA which can lead to mutations in mitosis, which lead to tumor formation. Carcinogens, or cancer causing genes, can also cause cancer.

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NHL can be diagnosed through a series of tests including:

Physical Exams: look for inflamation or lumps

Blood Chemisty: anaylyzes electrolyte, LDH, uric acid, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine levles and liver function values.

CT Scan: produces an X-ray of organ tissue

PET Scan: used to find a malignat tumor in the body

MRI: takes pitures of areas inside the body

Lumbar puncture: collects cerebral fluid for signs of cancer

Ultrasound: to find tumors inside of body tissues.

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If mutations (changes in DNA) occur internally, typically cancer is caused by a mutation in mitosis. Mitosis is the process in which cells undergo to divide. Cell divison is regulated though a seiries of checkpoints during the start of the cell cycle (interphase) including two growth phases and a DNA synthesis phase. If there are mutations in the checkpoints including the tumor suppresor gene, which prevents tumor formation or ocogenes, which promote cell divison, then division is no lonoger regulated and a cancerous tumor could form.

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Checkpoints in interphase are vital as they can prevent the formation of tumors. These checkpoints make sure the cell is ready to divide. When there is an error in interphase, the cell either rapidly divides, is not large enough, doesn’t have enough organelles or has accumulated mutations in its DNA. The accumulation of mutations can cause cancer.

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Cancer is a group of diseases in which mutations cause cells to divide uncontrollably. This can lead to the formation of tumors, which can spread, leading to cancer.

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Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (NHL) is a type of cancer that primarily impacts the lymphatic system. It can start in white blood cells, but it also impacts lymph, the spleen, bone marrow, the thymus, tonsils and the digestive tract. Though all ages can be affected, NHL is found primarily older people.