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-AU200110  AVANTIKA PATRICIA ANN CARDOZO:
1) Reign of Queen Anne of Great Britain
2) Precursors of Romantic Poetry
3) Thomas Collins

-AU200144 SIMONE TRAVASSOS:
1) Alexander Pope
2) Dr. Samuel Johnson
3) Robert Burns

-AU200056 SEJAL DAMODAR PANCHWADKAR:
1) Thomas Addison
2) William Cowper

-AU200018 RAIZEL FERNANDES
1) Satires of the Age
2) Anne Finch of Winchilsea

-AU200054 ADIN CARDOZO
1) Oliver Goldsmith
2) Neoclassicism Augustan Reflective Poetry

-AU200033 SMRITI TAMANKAR
1)The Coffeehouse Culture
2)Thomas Gray
3)The Age o Prose and Reason

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Political Background of the 18th Century

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Political Background of the 18th Century

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Anne Queen of Great Britain And Ireland  (1665 - 1714 )

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Anne Queen of Great Britain And Ireland  (1665 - 1714 )

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Anne was the second daughter of James, duke of York (King James II, 1685–88), and Anne Hyde. Although her father was a Roman Catholic, she was reared a Protestant at the insistence of her uncle, King Charles II.

- In 1683 Anne was married to the handsome, if uninspiring, Prince George of Denmark (1653–1708), who became her devoted companion.

- Although Anne was pregnant 18 times between 1683 and 1700, only five children were born alive, and, of these, only one, a son, survived infancy.

- She wished to rule independently, but her intellectual limitations and chronic ill health caused her to rely heavily on her ministers, who directed England's efforts against France and Spain in the War of the Spanish Succession  (1701–14).

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- Samuel Johnson, often referred to as Dr Johnson, was an English writer who made lasting contributions to English literature as a poet, playwright, essayist, moralist, literary critic, biographer, editor, and lexicographer.
- Religiously, he was a devout Anglican, and politically a committed Tory.

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- Alexander Pope is regarded as one of the greatest English poets, and the foremost poet of the early eighteenth century.
- He is best known for his satirical and discursive poetry, including The 🤬 of the Lock, The Dunciad, and An Essay on Criticism, as well as for his translation of Homer.

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18th century "The Age of Prose and Reason"

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18th century "The Age of Prose and Reason"

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-English Victorian poet Matthew Arnold stated that the eighteenth century was the age of 'prose & reason'.
-It is called so because no good poetry was written at that age and poetry itself became
'prosaic'.
-18th century is also known as an era of “prose and reason” because literature of that
era sprouted its roots deep in reason and intellect, thus it was characterised as
satirical, didactic and critical.
-Poetry in this era saw a decline due to it being based on
imagination and enthusiasm.
http://www.scmhabra.org/eresources/ENGA-Sem-4_Prasenjit_Eighteenth%20Century%20as%20the%20Age%20of%20Prose%20Reason.pdf

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-The periodical essay was a new literary form that emerged during the early part of the eighteenth century. Periodical essays typically appeared in affordable publications that came out usually two or three times a week, and were only one or two pages in length.
-The Tatler (1709-1711) and The Spectator (1711-1712) were the most successful and influential single-essay periodicals of the eighteenth century but there are other periodicals that helped shape this literary genre.
http://www.london.umb.edu/index.php/entry_detail/the_form_of_the_periodical_essay/print_literature/#:~:text=The%20single%2Dessay%20made%20its,which%20began%20publication%20in%201709.

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- In 1650, England's first recorded Coffeehouse was opened in Oxford
-Coffeehouses were places where men gathered to discuss current issues. It was known to be a hub for news.
-Alexander Pope, who wrote "The Rape of the Lock" was said to have been influenced by coffee houses.

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Precursors Of Romantic Poetry ( 18th Century )

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Precursors Of Romantic Poetry ( 18th Century )

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- The Romantic movement in English literature of the early 19th century has its roots in 18th-century poetry, the Gothic novel and the novel of sensibility. This includes the graveyard poets, who were a number of pre-Romantic English poets writing in the 1740s

- The physical landscape is prominent in the poetry of this period. The Romantics, are often described as "nature poets". However, these "nature poems" reveal wider concerns in that they are often meditations on "an emotional problem or personal crisis".[18]

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-One of the most important English poets of 18th century.
-"Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard" published in 1751 is one of his well known poems.

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Anne Finch, Countess of Winchilsea (née Kingsmill; April 1661 – 5 August 1720)

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Anne Finch, Countess of Winchilsea (née Kingsmill; April 1661 – 5 August 1720)

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- Anne Finch was an English poet and courtier.

- Her work often express a desire for respect as a female poet, lamenting her difficult position as a woman in the literary establishment and the court, while writing of "political ideology, religious orientation, and aesthetic sensibility".

- She is regarded as one of the integral female poets of the Restoration Era.

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Oliver Goldsmith was an Irish novelist, playwright and poet, who is best known for his novel The Vicar of Wakefield, his pastoral poem The Deserted Village, and his plays The Good-Natur'd Man and She Stoops to Conquer. He is thought to have written the classic children's tale The History of Little Goody Two-Shoes.

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- He was an English poet and hymnodist and one of the forerunners of Romantic Poetry.
- His poem " Light Shining out of Darkness " gave English the phrase : God moves in a mysterious way / His wonders to perform . "

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- Robert Burns, also known familiarly as Rabbie Burns, the National Bard, Bard of Ayrshire and the Ploughman Poet and various other names and epithets, was a Scottish poet and lyricist.
- He is widely regarded as the national poet of Scotland and is celebrated worldwide.

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- He was an English physician and scientist and is regarded as one of the " great men " of Guy's Hospital in London.
- he discovered Addison's Disease (a degenerative disease of the adrenal glands) and Addisonian anemia (pernicious anemia), a hematological disorder later found to be caused by failure to absorb vitamin B.