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Odysseus' ordinary world is "on the peaked sea-mark of Ithaca" (Homer line 21). The hero Odysseus lives in Ithaca as the King, and lives with his wife, Penelope, and son, Telemachus.

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Odysseus gets called to the, Trojan War. At first Odysseus didn't want to go because his son had just been born, although Athena came and asked him to go which she had convinced him to go. Also his role in the Trojan War was big as he was the leader of his army, and fought "All feats on that great field in the long warfare" (Homer lines 736-737).

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Athena is Odysseus's biggest mentor throughout the story as she is on his side because they are very similar in characteristics and she admires that about him. In tough situations Athena would always help "I pondered how to hurt him worst, if but Athena granted what I prayed for" (Homer lines 263-264). Next is, Circe, not only tells Odysseus where he must go to learn his destiny but foreshadows the events that lies ahead of him, which helps him prepare for how he will survive "Circe foresaw for us and shared with me, so let me tell her forecast: then we die with our eyes open" (Homer lines 687-689). The final mentor of Odysseus is Teiresias as she meets her in the land of the dead where he crosses his threshold. He was told to meet her there by Circe, Teiresias then tells him his destiny and what must be done to make peace with the gods "Make fair sacrifice to Lord Poseidon: a ram, a bull, a great buck boar; turn back, and carry out pure hecatombs at home to all wide heaven's lords" (Homer lines 663-667).

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Crossing the Threshold (The Land of the Dead)

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Crossing the Threshold (The Land of the Dead)

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Odysseus crossed the threshold and entered an unfamiliar place, in The Land of the Dead. The goddess Circe then tells Odysseus "Journey to the land of the dead, Hades, and consult the blind prophet Tiresias" (Homer 576). By finding Tiresias with Circe's help he was told his destiny. During the episode Odysseus violated the greek value death for leaving "Elpenor, of our company, who lay Unburied" (Homer lines 578-579).

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In Odysseus' first test Odysseus was under a spell by Zeus to not go immediately back home "The wind that carried west from Ilium brought me to Ismarus" (Homer lines 41-42). By Zeus sailing him and his army to Ismarus he then attacked the Cicones by surprise "I stormed that place and killed the men who fought" (Homer line 43). His men didn't show self control and were drinking there wine and enslaving their women, showing bad hospitality which is violating a greek value. Instead of leaving they were drinking, the main force of the Cicones were alerted and were much more trained and killed many of his men. A greek value they upheld  was death as "No ship made sail next day until some shipmate has raised a cry, three times, for each poor ghost unfleshed by the Cicones on that field" (Homer lines 67-69).

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In The Lotus-Eaters they came to the coastline of the Lotus-Eaters because of Zeus north storm not allowing Odysseus to get home "I might have made it safely home, that time, but as I came round Malea the current took me out to sea" (Homer lines 82-84). In this episode Odysseus learned about the Lotus which makes people lose desire to go back home. Again Odysseus men couldn't control themselves and some ate the Lotus causing Odysseus tie them down not allowing them to go back and get more. In this episode they again violated and some upheld hospitality by some eating the Lotus but also refusing to take it "Who showed no will to do us harm, only offering the sweet Lotus to our friends" (Homer lines 95-96).

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He then traveled near the mainland where he found Polyphemus' cavern, then trapped inside by Polyphemus by a rock. Now trapped inside Odysseus intelligence had to get them out of this situation, his plan was to get Polyphemus drunk and tell him his name was "Nohbdy" and to stab him in his eye. His plan had worked but wasn't complete as Athena came in "By some sheepherding whim or a god's bidding" (Homer lines 287-288). Athena helped Odysseus and his men by giving them sheep so when Polyphemus was to let his sheep out, they hid under the sheep and were able to escape. One thing Odysseus messed up on is showing pride after escaping telling Polyphemus all his personal information, which was a mistake as Poseiden is Polyphemus father. This is ironic because Cyclops don't believe in the gods but Polyphemus wishes to his father that his trip is very long, and if he gets home make his home life awful. Another greek value violated is by Polyphemus not welcoming guest and eating his men "Cyclops went on filling up his belly with manflesh and great gulps of whey" (Homer lines 241-242).

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Test: Island of Aeolia (encounter with Aelous)

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Test: Island of Aeolia (encounter with Aelous)

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Odysseus and his men sail to Aeolia where they meet Aelous king of the winds. When there Aelous gives them a gift which is a bag of winds all but the favorable west wind testing his mens self control, which they weren't able to control themselves "Odysseus' men open the sack, letting loose a storm that drives them back to Aeolia" (Homer 576). Then knowing they were disliked by the gods he cast them back out.

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After Being casted off by Aelous, they finally arrive in the land of the Laestrygonians after seven long days. The land was full of man eating giants, and violated hospitality when Odysseus arrived "These creatures destroy all of Odysseus' ships except the one he is sailing in" (Homer 576).

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Odysseus and his men meet the island Aeaea, which is ruled by the sorceress-goddess Circe. She transforms half his men into swine which is protected by a magic herb "Odysseus demands that circe change his men back into human form" (Homer 576). Demanding does not work but Hermes tells Odysseus how to defeat Circe, Hermes gives Odysseus moly to protect him from Circe's magic, next draw your sword as if you were to attack her, then demand your men back. By him helping Odysseus he was able to defeat Circe, and Circe then becomes a mentor to Odysseus.

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Circe has foresaw this for Odysseus and his men, and that he should listen to their song alone. The plan was for odysseus to be tied down and his men to have beeswax melted in their ears thanks to the help of "Helios, lord of high noon" (Homer line 711). This was his mens real test of self control as if he was about to get up to tie him down tighter to the boat. This was the first real test his men had passed as they followed orders and kept him tied down and everyone was able to survive.

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Boats and boating--Equipment and supplies

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In this episode he encounters the six headed monster Scylla, and Charybdis or known as the whirlpool. Again Circe's foreshadowing had helped him again get out of this situation "Circe's bidding against arms had slipped my mind" (Homer lines 786-787). Knowing what she had told him he had to make a quick decision either Charybdis where his whole ship would sink, or Scylla where only six of his men would die. Odysseus quick thinking and intelligence went to Scylla and in fact six of his men had died. The greek value being upheld is death because Odysseus felt terrible for his men that had died "Deathly pity ran through at that sight" (Homer lines 823-824).

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Calypso was a goddess that put Odysseus under a spell, and held him captive for seven years "I have been detained long by Calypso, loviest among goddesses" (Homer lines 29-30). Even though put under the spell Odysseus said it wasn't his fault and was loyal to his wife, Penelope, because he was put under a spell. Odysseus was let go or escaped because Zeus had told Hermes to tell Calypso to let him go, and had to follow his request because Zeus is the king of all gods.

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After being released from Calypso, Poseidon realizes he is alone at sea and create a storm to make his journey even longer, like Polyphemus had wanted and his dad had created his wish. The storm destroys his ship and is lost at sea, and is washed to the Land of the Phaeacians. While there Odysseus tells the Phaeacians his story and they agree "The next day, young Phaeacian noblemen conduct him home by ship" (Homer 595). Next Allie of Odysseus is his son, Telemachus, when returning to Ithaca his son was the first one to notice his dad. With the help of Athena reuniting them to defeat the Suitors, who she wants dead. Telemachus job was to "Stow the lot away back in the vaulted storeroom" (Homer lines 1137-1138). The plan was to hide the weapons so the Suitors couldn't defend themselves, while they had weapons. Finally is Eumaeus, who was a loyal servant of Odysseus. There was three other mortals that helped him fight the suitors, his son, Eumaeus, and one other we don't know the name of "The servants armed themselves, and all three took their stand beside the master of battle" (Homer lines 1521-15222).

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In the Odyssey, Odysseus biggest enemy are the Suitors. The suitors are big enemies because when he has been gone, they have been eating all his livestock, eating his food and wine, and courting his wife. The Suitors also tried killing his son Telemachus because if Telemachus dies the next person who marries, Penelope is the next king of Ithaca. Not only this they disrespected the greek value as he entered as a beggar Antinous threw a "Stool `he let fly hit the man's right shoulder" (Homer line 1228).

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This is when Odysseus and his men had been starving and had no food to eat except for Helios herd of cows which he had told Odysseus not to touch. After falling asleep Odysseus had awoke to Helios angered at Odysseus men for eating the cows "O Father Zeus and gods bliss forever, punish Odysseus' men!" (Homer lines 907-908). Again Odysseus' men not following orders, the gods were upset and Zeus had enough and shot a lightning bolt at his ship killing all of his men. Not only they violated a greek value in hospitality, by eating Helios' cows "When the bones were burnt and tripes shared, they spitted the carved meat" (Homer lines 892-893).

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Odysseus' revenge is when he returns to Ithaca and is to fight the Suitors the main antagonist in the story. Both Athena, and Odysseus does not like the suitors because they violate, greek values and are trying to kill his son, Telemachus. Odysseus said he was directed here by Athena to fight her enemies and that "Athena's arm is over us, and Zeus her father's" (Homer lines 1110-1111). Suitors have also violated the greek value hospitality "These men have bread to throw away on you because it is not theirs" (Homer lines 1215-1216). Thanks to Odysseus's help they defeated the Suitors.

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After the Phaeacians had took Odysseus home to Ithaca, he had met his son, Telemachus and made a plan on how to beat the Suitors. Telemachus agreed to the plan, knowing the gods would be on his side, then basically telling the Suitors he was Odysseus "When blows come to a man, and he defending his own cattle-his own cows and lambs" (Homer lines 1239-1240). This line is important because he just said these animals were his, hinting that he is actually Odysseus. After getting the bow and shooting the arrow through twelve ax handle sockets, he struck first killing Antinous and then war broke out, with Odysseus coming out on top.

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The reward for Odysseus is returning home back to his ordinary world and killing his enemies, the Suitors. He then takes back his life as "Odysseus has regained his family and his kingdom" (Homer 616). After a long Journey of twenty years Odysseus has returned and is happy again with his family.

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Odysseus was considered an epic hero in the Odyssey due to his courage, intelligence, and leadership throughout the journey. A way Odysseus demonstrates his leadership is before they encounter Scylla and Charybdis, he gives an inspiring speech "Friends, have we never been in danger before this? More fearsome, is it now, then when the Cyclops penned us in his cave? What power he had! Did I not keep my nerve, and use my wits to find a way out for us?" Odysseus is trying to keep there morales up saying he'll get them out of this (Homer lines 765-770). Another example of Odysseus demonstrating leadership is when him and his crew encounters the sirens, giving demands on what his crew needs to do "I alone should listen to their song. Therefore you are to tie me up, tight as a splint, erect along the mast, lashed to the mast, and if I shout and beg to be untied, take more turns of the rope to muffle me" (Homer lines 693-698). Odysseus shows his intelligence in his plan to defeat the suitors as he tells his son, Telemachus, "...round up all armor, lances, gear of war left in our hall, and stow the lot away back in the vaulted storeroom" meaning when going to battle the Suitors would have no weapons or gear (Homer lines 1136-1137). An act of courage from Odysseus was to able to confront Polyphemus and tell him what had happened and where they had came from "We are from Troy, Achaeans, blown off course by shifting gales on the Great South Sea" (Homer lines 204-205).