# data[].attributes.headline
Worlds at Play: Space and Player Experience in Fantasy Computer Games

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Worlds at Play: Space and Player Experience in Fantasy Computer Games

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Sci-Fi was the closest topic to this article(couldn't find how to add a column). This article focuses on fantasy and world building in computer games and there is an interesting approach in defining fantasy as it focuses more on its "function and purpose" rather than a content-based definition.

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Science Fiction vs. Fantasy By Gregory McNamee

- Focuses on differences of authors and fact authors often don't write both sci-fi and fantasty
- focuses on differences between two over focusing on defining each independently

https://www.vqronline.org/essays-articles/2015/07/science-fiction-vs-fantasy

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https://scholarsarchive.library.albany.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1007&context=honorscollege_eng

- goes very in depth into the role of magic
- touches on mythical/element of gods/myths in fantasy as well
- lots of references and citations for different authors so plenty of bouncing off points to other articles/books

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Urban Fantasy: A Literature of the Unseen

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Urban Fantasy: A Literature of the Unseen

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Urban Fantasy is an interesting genre in fantasy. According to the article, the most common definition is old and mythological stories placed in real life urban settings. It also talks about how even though it is called "urban", it just has to be placed in a 21st century location, it does not matter if it is a city or not. Another important point it makes is that these types of supernatural beings are unseen by society, as their powers are being ignored or concealed from everyone.

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This article analyzes the nature of urban fantasy by aggregating the claims, suggestions, and observations made by several different accounts of what urban fantasy is. These accounts comprise six scholarly sources and four sources written by people who are producers and purveyors of urban fantasy. An eleventh "account" is made up of the impressions conveyed by a vast number of book covers identified through Google Image Search. These eleven accounts are analyzed with regard to their views on worlds and settings, cities and urbanity, central characters, and the sources of fantastic elements. Finally, the article presents how three major threads in the accounts reveal that urban fantasy has a central, thematic concern with the Unseen. This Unseen is largely related to a social Other that portrays unpleasant aspects of urban life, such as criminality, homelessness, addiction, prostitution, and physical and sexual abuse.

Journal Information

JFA, published since 1988, is an interdisciplinary journal devoted to the study of the fantastic in Literature, Art, Drama, Film, and Popular Media. It is published three times a year by the International Association for the Fantastic in the Arts out of offices of the Department of English and Philosophy at Idaho State University. Like the International Conference on the Fantastic in the Arts, from which it was generated, the journal welcomes papers on all aspects of the fantastic in English, American, French, Spanish, German, and other national literatures, as well as interdisciplinary approaches including music, philosophy, sociology, psychology, political science, and religion. All papers are in English. Articles are fully refereed and are indexed in the MLA Bibliography.

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Urban Fantasy: A Literature of the Unseen on JSTOR

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This article analyzes the nature of urban fantasy by aggregating the claims, suggestions, and observations made by several different accounts of what urban fantasy is. These accounts comprise six scholarly sources and four sources written by people who are producers and purveyors of urban fantasy.

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The Language in Science Fiction and Fantasy: The Question of Style

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The Language in Science Fiction and Fantasy: The Question of Style

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Basically breaks down the characteristics of both genres.

The Language in Science Fiction and Fantasy: The Question of Style - Susan Mandala - Google Books

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This excerpt talks more about what a folklore is. This article talks about how the stories existed a long time ago, and that people start to blend together myth and history because it is relatively unrelated to our current world. It talks about the stories told today will be the folklore in the distant future.

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Journal Information

A4 format magazine published in nine issues per year (first of each month except January, July and August) averaging 36 pages. Seasonal lists of forthcoming books of Irish origin or interest, summary short descriptions of such books received for review (average 80 per issue) under the "First flush" heading (not dissimilar from Kirkus). Short reviews of about 30 such books, and four interviews with authors, editors, publishers etc. There is also publisher advertising. An annual index of the books listed and reviewed (by author or editor and by title) is issued as a separate 4-page piece enclosed in the December issue. The publisher can also provide in pdf a cumulative index from year 1990 (by author or editor, subject of criticism or biography and title, and including main bibliographical descriptors). First published March 1976 at 10 issues a year. Issue of March 2008 was No. 301.

Publisher Information

Wordwell was established 1986 and is best known as the publisher of Excavations and as a key partner in Archaeology Ireland and History Ireland. We publish books of mainly academic interest in the fields of Archaeology, Anthropology, history and architectural history. More detail at www.wordwellbooks.com

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The folklore of tomorrow-graphically engaging with narrative and myth on JSTOR

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Journal Information A4 format magazine published in nine issues per year (first of each month except January, July and August) averaging 36 pages. Seasonal lists of forthcoming books of Irish origin or interest, summary short descriptions of such books received for review (average 80 per issue) under the "First flush" heading (not dissimilar from Kirkus).

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The Magic of Magic and Imagination in Fantasy Literature

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The Magic of Magic and Imagination in Fantasy Literature

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Based on the Harry Potter series. Mostly talks about how fantasy deals mostly with magic and imagination.

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Editorial: "Myth, Fantasy, and Magic" - José Manuel Losada

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Editorial: "Myth, Fantasy, and Magic" - José Manuel Losada

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https://www.proquest.com/docview/2239251383?pq-origsite=primo
- discusses boundaries between myth and fantasy
- suggests that magic is present in myths, which is caused by a supernatural force, while in fantasy, the elements are just fantastical

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Once and Future Antiquities in Science Fiction and Fantasy

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Once and Future Antiquities in Science Fiction and Fantasy

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https://www.proquest.com/docview/2396315490?pq-origsite=primo

This article goes in depth with three different Science Fiction & Fantasy mediums in order to compare and contrast the two genres and figure out where the divide is between the two.

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‘A crowd at your back’: fantasy fandom and small press

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‘A crowd at your back’: fantasy fandom and small press

# data[].attributes.body
(This should be under a new Column called "Fandom", but I don't think Padlet lets contributors add new Columns.)

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1329878X17743524

This article discusses how fantasy is made and controlled solely by its viewers. It analyzes that without fantasy fans, the genre would be nothing. In this way, we can possibly define fantasy as "whatever the fandom wants it to be".

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This is an older paper written by a translator for Grimm fairy tales. It is largely about very broad themes like fantasy's connection to society as a whole, but it also takes a nuanced approach to defining fantasy  and provides some interesting commentary on the connection between fantasy and escapism.

https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1392&context=clcweb

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Do you believe in magic? The Potency of the Fantasy Genre

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Do you believe in magic? The Potency of the Fantasy Genre

# data[].attributes.body
This paper creates a definition for fantasy and then tries to show how many of the most popular works and techniques fall into specific corners of it. It combines many different voices into its opinions and arguments.
https://revistes.ub.edu/index.php/coolabah/article/download/CO201618/18769

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Talks about how magic is incorporated into works of fantasy with realistic settings.

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Arab World English Journal (AWEJ), Special Issue on Literature, No. 4, Pp. 212-223, October, 2016 12 Pages Posted: 26 Nov 2016 Date Written: October 20, 2016 Through fantasy we are able to group, explain, alter and comment on reality.

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Who Reads Science Fiction and Fantasy, and How Do They Feel About Science? Preliminary Findings From an Online Survey by Menadue, Jacups

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Who Reads Science Fiction and Fantasy, and How Do They Feel About Science? Preliminary Findings From an Online Survey by Menadue, Jacups

# data[].attributes.body
Discusses similarities and differences of SF and Fantasy

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Who Reads Science Fiction and Fantasy, and How Do They Feel About Science? Preliminary Findings From an Online Survey - Christopher Benjamin Menadue, Susan Jacups, 2018

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Abstract This article describes findings from an online survey Science Fiction & Fantasy: Your Experiences, launched in November 2015 and closed 1 year later, which received 909 unique responses. The survey identified characteristics of readers of science fiction, their knowledge and experiences of works, authors, and subgenres.

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"Wizards, Aliens, and Starships : Physics and Math in Fantasy and Science Fiction" Chapter 2: "Harry Potter and the Great Conservation Laws" by Charles Adler

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"Wizards, Aliens, and Starships : Physics and Math in Fantasy and Science Fiction" Chapter 2: "Harry Potter and the Great Conservation Laws" by Charles Adler

# data[].attributes.body
discusses examples of fantasy (primarily magic-based fantasy) written by authors that follow some physical laws from our universe and fantasy that does not follow our physical laws or even its own laws
the author highlights multiple examples of issues that arise when some series follow or don't follow the laws of conservation of mass and momentum and the second law of thermodynamics. Adler focuses on the Harry Potter series and the Dresden Files series as two examples of similar worlds where the latter has more self-consistent rules that also comport more closely with physical laws than the former leading to fewer plot holes based on the fantasy elements.

https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gatech/reader.action?docID=1535180&ppg=25

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"Critical Dystopia for Young People: The Freedom Meme in American Young Adult Dystopian Science Fiction" by Robert Gadowski

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"Critical Dystopia for Young People: The Freedom Meme in American Young Adult Dystopian Science Fiction" by Robert Gadowski

# data[].attributes.body
this is an essay from a collection of essays linked below called "Basic Categories of Fantastic Literature Revisited"

Gadowski focuses on four main ways that American culture has seen the concept of freedom throughout history which were based on the traditions, folkways, and origin myths of groups like the New England Puritans, Quakers, and Virginians and how these views of freedom come together to make the modern American meme of "freedom" as a single, solitary concept. Gadowski then posits that modern YA sci-fi can effectively probe the freedom meme due to the exploratory nature of sci-fi and the common dystopic/utopic nature of YA (which itself comes from other literature like Plato's Republic which has been elevated to an almost mythic status) and provides examples like The Giver.

the author is able to show how trends in YA sci-fi literature nowadays trace back to the origins of our modern myths (e.g. Greek literature, American colonists, Biblical ideals, etc.) and are still influenced by modern events like 9/11, the Cold War, and 80s nihilism, which all probes the purposes and uses of science fiction as a genre.

https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gatech/reader.action?docID=1859172&ppg=150

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"What is it that Fanfiction Opposes? The Shared and Communal Features of Firefly/Serenity Fanfiction" by Hanna-Riikka Roine

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"What is it that Fanfiction Opposes? The Shared and Communal Features of Firefly/Serenity Fanfiction" by Hanna-Riikka Roine

# data[].attributes.body
Roine analyzes the fanfiction written by the Firefly fandom and tries to explain why sci-fi and fantasy seem ripe for fans to expand on in fanfiction as well as the ways that fans take control with fanfiction.

one way Roine chooses to explain how sci-fi and fantasy are ripe for expansion with fanfics is that the source materials already participate in the type of "speculative world-building" that fanfics love to use to expand worlds and add extraneous elements or conduct what-if scenarios by retconning unpopular plotlines (e.g. reviving a popular character), so readers are already conditioned to be those who like this kind of "on a limb" storytelling. if one were to attempt to write a fanfic based on a historical fiction novel based on WW2 where the Axis won the war, then the fanbase for that (which Amazon has shown is quite large) wouldn't necessarily overlap strongly with the fanbase for the original.

http://journal.finfar.org/articles/what-is-it-that-fanfiction-opposes-the-shared-and-communal-features-of-fireflyserenity-fanfiction/

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Do you believe in magic?The Potency of the Fantasy Genre

# data[].attributes.subject
Do you believe in magic?The Potency of the Fantasy Genre

# data[].attributes.body
This article explores the various aspects of the fantasy genre and tries to justify the definition " fantasy literature is fiction that offers the reader a world estranged from their own, separated by nova"

https://revistes.ub.edu/index.php/coolabah/article/view/CO201618/18769

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"The magic of fantasy: the traditional, the original and the wonderful" by Simon Barron

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"The magic of fantasy: the traditional, the original and the wonderful" by Simon Barron

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In this source, Simon Barron, a writer, editor, and consultant, dives deep into the different foundational aspects of fantasy that has made world renowned fantasy stories such as “Harry Potter” and “Lord of the Rings” so successful. Barron argues that almost none of the definitions of fantasy created by scholars fully represent all that fantasy encompasses. Barron instead claims that fantasy can be best defined by its “tropes” or shared characteristics. Barron claims that the plot of a good fantasy story must have equal components of traditionality and originality to be successful. Additionally, the originality of characters aids in the successfulness of a fantasy story. These “original” characters are normally secondary characters such as Merlin, Gollum, etc. Along with definition, plot, and character, Barron also goes into style, and the unquantifiable to reveal the inner-workings of successful fantasy stories.

https://www.jstor.org/stable/48614719

Ella Witz

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"Beyond the Disney Spell, or Escape into Pantoland," by Justyna Deszcz

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"Beyond the Disney Spell, or Escape into Pantoland," by Justyna Deszcz

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In this source, Justyna Deszcz, an associate professor at the institute of English studies within Wroclaw University, Poland goes into depth on how the culture industry is the primary motivator to the expansion of fantasy and fairy tales in mass media. This source uses Disney, and its monopolistic tendencies over the genre as an example of how fantasy and fairytales are driven by consumers. The source also discusses how Disney has continued to advance their control over the genres through many techniques such as readily available merchandising, “disneyfication,” and more. This source explains the real life implications of how fantasy and fairytales have penetrated mainstream media and how different companies, such as Disney, have continued to profit off of the culture industry through these genres. This source highlights the trends of consumerism discovered about fantasy and fairy tales and how Disney has aided in these stories becoming a business instead of a story.

https://www.jstor.org/stable/1261008

Ella Witz

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THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MODERN FANTASY NOVEL

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THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MODERN FANTASY NOVEL

# data[].attributes.body
(I was not sure which column to put this one under because it focuses on fantasy as a whole and different types of fantasy)

This dissertation presented by Holly E. Ordway, discusses the origins of fantasy and how its meaning has changed through the years.

The author also discusses several important varieties of fantastical literature ranging from sword and sorcery fantasy to religious world fantasy in order to explore fantasy as a dynamic genre while also evaluating its purpose.

https://www.proquest.com/docview/230471771/fulltextPDF/2544795BA2804502PQ/1?accountid=11107

Aalekhya Narayani SF4

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This academic work is an article from the scholarly journal Science Fiction Studies Nov. 1988, written by Carl D. Malmgren.

This research work attempts to understand science fantasy by understanding the overlap between fantasy and science fiction that lends to science fantasy.

The author discusses how science fantasy takes from science the questioning of the natural physical order and from fantasy through otherworldly and improbable scenarios or methods.

The writer explores this concept in reference to Fritz Leiber's Conjure Wife (1953) and Stanislaw Lem's The Investigation (1959).

https://www.jstor.org/stable/4239897

Aalekhya Narayani SF4

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The Communication of Fan Culture: The Impact of New Media on Science Fiction and Fantasy Fandom

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The Communication of Fan Culture: The Impact of New Media on Science Fiction and Fantasy Fandom

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This source is a thesis from a student at the Georgia Institute of Technology named Betsy Gooch. Gooch studied Science Technology and Culture at Tech. This source also includes an advisor and was certified by the Science, Technology, and Culture Program Coordinator at Tech. All of these factors and more lead me to believe that this is a credible source.

Within the source, there is discussion regarding how fans or fandoms have influenced fantasy literature as well as how fantasy literature has an influence on the lives of fans. For example, some elements of fantasy, such as science fiction, arose because fans of fantasy literature began writing in a new way which created a new style and further expanded the genre of fantasy.

https://smartech.gatech.edu/bitstream/handle/1853/21818/gooch_betsy_r_200805_ro.pdf?sequence=1

- Kali Engeman

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Colin N. Manlove, the author of this book focuses on what exactly defines fantasy and presents examples that have been mistaken as fantasy over the years. He describes how the presence of unexplainable supernatural occurrences are staples of the fantasy genre. He even claims that the distinction between other similar genres are often blurred, especially when it contains similar features.  However, fantasy elicits wonder in a way that no other genre can capture, simply because the events of the story is supernatural and cannot be explained through the world's logic or rules.
(Journee Johnson)

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After a decade from 1965 which had seen the growth in Britain and America of an enormous interest in fantasy literature, and a rise in its academic repute from cold to lukewarm, a serious study of the subject seemed long overdue. In this first critical book in its time on modern English fantasy, Colin Manlove surveys a representative group of modern fantasies-in the Victorian period in the children's scientific and Christian fantasy The Water-Babies by Charles Kingsley and the mystical fantasy of the Scottish writer George MacDonald; and from the twentieth century the interplanetary romances of C. S. Lewis, the post-war fantasy of rebellious youth in Mervyn Peake's Gormenghast books, and the quest to avert apocalypse in J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings. The aim with all these works is to show the peculiar literary experiences they offer and to assess their strengths and limitations in relation to wider English literature.

In the introduction to his book, Manlove gives a definition of fantasy, marking off the genre from its near neighbors science fiction and "Gothic" or horror story, and distinguishing between fantasies that are serious works of imagination and those that are fanciful or escapist. Each chapter that follows is primarily a literary analysis set in a context of the writer's life, thought, and other works.

As the book proceeds, there begins to emerge a picture of the originality and merit of the writers, but at the same time the sense of a division in the purpose of each writer, whereby their works fail to abide by their own laws. In the conclusion to this book Manlove draws the different types of division found into one and argues that the problem is one that is endemic to the writing of modern fantasy.

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After a decade from 1965 which had seen the growth in Britain and America of an enormous interest in fantasy literature, and a rise in its academic repute from cold to lukewarm, a serious study of the subject seemed long overdue.

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Stories About Stories: Fantasy and the Remaking of Myth

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Stories About Stories: Fantasy and the Remaking of Myth

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Brian Attebery, the author of this book delves into the connection between mythology and fantasy. In his eyes, fantasy is a modified form of mythology, where parts of mythology are woven into the structure of fantasy. Most individuals consider fantasy as stories born from untruth, events that not only have never happened, but never can happen. While mythology is sometimes considered to be a form of storytelling used to explain natural phenomenons, fantasy often includes mythic motifs to bring a sense of realism to an otherwise unrealistic tale. The author emphasizes how mythology and fantasy share similar origins in order to support his ideas concerning their collaborations within stories.
(Journee Johnson)

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Myth is oral, collective, sacred, and timeless. Fantasy is a modern literary mode and a popular entertainment. Yet the two have always been inextricably intertwined. Stories about Stories examines fantasy as an arena in which different ways of understanding myth compete and new relationships with myth are worked out. The book offers a comprehensive history of the modern fantastic as well as an argument about its nature and importance. Specific chapters cover the origins of fantasy in the Romantic search for localized myths, fantasy versions of the Modernist turn toward the primitive, the post-Tolkienian exploration of world mythologies, post-colonial reactions to the exploitation of indigenous sacred narratives by Western writers, fantasies based in Christian belief alongside fundamentalist attempts to stamp out the form, and the emergence of ever-more sophisticated structures such as metafiction through which to explore mythic constructions of reality.

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Myth is oral, collective, sacred, and timeless. Fantasy is a modern literary mode and a popular entertainment. Yet the two have always been inextricably intertwined. Stories about Stories examines fantasy as an arena in which different ways of understanding myth compete and new relationships with myth are worked out.

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"Fantasy: The liberation of Imagination" by Richard Mathews

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"Fantasy: The liberation of Imagination" by Richard Mathews

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This scholar source is a book titled "Fantasy: The Liberation of Imagination" (1997) by Richard Mathews, a leading authority on science fiction and fantasy.

In this work within pages 5-7, Mathews discusses literature from the ancient world that formed a basis for Fantasy. He notes how almost all surviving literature of the ancient world is rooted in fantasy, and those who heard/read it believed it to be true as magic and superstition was accepted at the time. Most tales were magical, regardless of differences in location in which they surfaced from, and had similar archetypal narrative elements that Mathews believes is a defining characteristic of Fantasy as a genre. He claims what makes these ancient literature fantasy is that they involve: connections between art and magic with human problems, human control over nature, or control of life and death.
https://books.google.com/books?id=vSpceyhof4IC&q=Lucius%2C+or+The+Ass+fantasy+elements&pg=PA12#v=snippet&q=Lucius%2C%20or%20The%20Ass%20fantasy%20elements&f=false

Anahi Canales Dominguez

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Intersections: Fantasy and Science Fiction by George Slusser and Eric Rabkin

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Intersections: Fantasy and Science Fiction by George Slusser and Eric Rabkin

# data[].attributes.body
This books discusses the differences between the two genres, fantasy and science fiction.
https://books.google.com/books?id=Zao2IFNhvQkC&pg=PA3&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=4#v=onepage&q&f=false

(Angela Iyabor)

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The Existence of Fairytale, Folklore, and Myths in Fantasy: A Study Based on J.K. Rowling's Harry Potter Series

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The Existence of Fairytale, Folklore, and Myths in Fantasy: A Study Based on J.K. Rowling's Harry Potter Series

# data[].attributes.body
This paper discusses how almost every fantasy has elements of fairytale, folklore, and based on ancient and cultural myths. It uses the book series, Harry Potter, as an example of how these elements work together.
https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/53375762/48.Mohammad-Kawish-Haider-paper-final.pdf?1496483476=&response-content-disposition=inline%3B+filename%3DThe_Existence_of_Fairytale_Folklore_and.pdf&Expires=1624945382&Signature=Sql1jR5goSuf6Ed1kGnKV-T34V0305FS44MUaeVnyfYtkbwQGrJRMKhjDac6w7UYvorqtZ3byHIc4V5MUQT14oi6jEr6s5NYwG3gCqiRzeqs5yW0KhP7Ouk4z~WFBDx3FnVQiksAKhypAPam1d9KRs1K8u-8cHBQocEU3ACdg9xWGJPUCX73DuT~kVrJInqI72yibYjj7alelAc3M1r31wtif~A9SJLiTNJyxkreyOc4s3EncVJi2qSOsgdIdVKrWMYp5aaZs72fwR6MZWvkRVdG3RaaNbHNfTBGQbGRZ96~C-vAobjvzhyl6GSyu9kojXeeAluCBh5H-5NSyMVXcw__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA

(Angela Iyabor)

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https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/53375762/48.Mohammad-Kawish-Haider-paper-final.pdf?1496483476=&response-content-disposition=inline%3B+filename%3DThe_Existence_of_Fairytale_Folklore_and.pdf&Expires=1624947069&Signature=JH7WhRHnm-jZMbrTkM~goC1M8kdVHAA86CBTr9wLP1iAN8N4uLF3vW3suX-avBQvW8Tlr4WBvMa9CQQ6ymNk-bvyoqjlGhu8~0vptL3tGMiBfdCumG1Q3Evz8EdRwQSp4zF43Sj4ZjbPokGpM1u2-Xyd1fe-xTHMVoKgRtVLmz2I0EP8BquKKikkQZ~czDeQg8lkE5jcvguFWBdCSjD~tk~kljeeLZUkvl1fqE492LloMPD5IEpJMrChU5sFjkK1NUebMtLlcJGNeZSE2FrZUUYdwP1bKcWZutB~Ku~IVjpZIihuVAlip2c3FpSyxlwCSeXiqCTNEQHm-w0wy6EmMw__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA

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Contemporary fantasy fiction and representations of religion: playing with reality, myth and magic in His Dark Materials and Harry Potter

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Contemporary fantasy fiction and representations of religion: playing with reality, myth and magic in His Dark Materials and Harry Potter

# data[].attributes.body
Alex Payne
This source talks about fantasy reflects elements of religious tales and other elements of religion. Fantasy represents, mediates, and explores religion. The intersection religion in fantasy stories and fictional tales in religious stories show that these genres are not separate.

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On the Poetics of the Science Fiction Genre

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On the Poetics of the Science Fiction Genre

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This piece was composed by Darko Suvin, who received a Ph.D. and now teaches in the Department of English at McGill university. This piece was published by the National Council of Teachers of English. Both of these facts lead me to believe that this is a very credible and academic source.

This source has great discussion surrounding the environments that many science fiction novels take place in. One of the most defining factors of the fantasy genre is that the setting is much different than the world as we know it. Therefore, this source describes how the changes that the author makes the the characters' environment is distinctive to the genre of science fiction, which is a branch of the fantasy genre. For example, this source discusses how "imaginary locality" is distinctive to the genre of science fiction.

- Kali Engeman

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On the Poetics of the Science Fiction Genre on JSTOR

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Journal Information College English is the professional journal for the college scholar-teacher. CE publishes articles about literature, rhetoric-composition, critical theory, creative writing theory and pedagogy, linguistics, literacy, reading theory, pedagogy, and professional issues related to the teaching of English. Issues may also include review essays.

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Fairy Tale and Fantasy: From Archaic to Postmodern

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Fairy Tale and Fantasy: From Archaic to Postmodern

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This academic article starts by saying Fairy Tale and Fantasy overlap and are interchangeable. The author starts comparing the two and explains that fairy tales are short text while fantasies are full-length novels. He then ends the page by saying the two different genres come from different origins, and he states a couple more broad differences.
(Amogh Totada)
https://www.jstor.org/stable/41389904

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Fantastic is an adjective that means relating to fantasy. Andras Sandor writes this academic article, and it starts by explaining the stories that are most similar to myths are fantastic stories. He then compares myths to be true stories for an original audience and untrue stories for fantastic stories. Lastly, he talks about three concentrations that can distinguish myths and the fantastic.
(Amogh Totada)
https://www.jstor.org/stable/469042

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Fantasy as a Popular Genre in the Works of J. R. R. Tolkien and J. K. Rowling

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Fantasy as a Popular Genre in the Works of J. R. R. Tolkien and J. K. Rowling

# data[].attributes.body
In the source from pages 25-32 the author briefly describes fantasy then breaks fantasy down into various classifications. It highlights the elements of the supernatural as well as some of the qualities of fairy tales.

Kenneth Grant

# data[].attributes.body
This article, written by Brian Laetz and Joshua Johnston, speaks on not only the elements that most fantasy work includes like wizards, trolls, and dragons, but also talks about how these "icons" need to be prominent in the piece. For example, a book can include a scene where a character casts a spell, but that does not automatically classify it as fantasy if the magical element is not used throughout the writing/is important to the plot of the story.
-Christine Lee
https://muse.jhu.edu/article/238883/pdf

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Problems of definition and classification of fantasy: Western European and Slavonic perspectives

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Problems of definition and classification of fantasy: Western European and Slavonic perspectives

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This article focuses on an abundance of definitions given by scholars over time. It references not only the "dictionary definition" of the genre, but also various definitions that scholars have come up with. Despite slight differences in opinion, many have agreed that most fantasy stems from myth and fairy tales that consist in a made up world that cannot be logically explained.
-Christine Lee
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328930825_Problems_of_definition_and_classification_of_fantasy_Western_European_and_Slavonic_perspectives

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What's in a Name: Defining the Elusive Fantasy Genre

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What's in a Name: Defining the Elusive Fantasy Genre

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The first 9 pages of the source focus on defining fantasy as a genre using films. The source also uses film to compare between science fiction and fantasy and keeps in mind the overlap between them while providing separation on what makes them unique.

Kenneth Grant

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The Fantasy Film provides a clear and compelling overview of this revitalized and explosively popular film genre.

Includes analyses of a wide range of films, from early classics such as The Wizard of Oz and Harvey to Spiderman and Shrek, and blockbuster series such as The Lord of the Rings trilogy and The Harry Potter films

Provides in-depth historical and critical overviews of the genre

Fully illustrated with screen shots from key films

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The Fantasy Film provides a clear and compelling overview of this revitalized and explosively popular film genre.

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"Into the Woods: A Writer's Journey through Fairy Tales and Fantasy" by Terri Windling

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"Into the Woods: A Writer's Journey through Fairy Tales and Fantasy" by Terri Windling

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This journal article is written by Terri Windling, a writer, editor and passionate advocate of fantasy literature.
This article focuses on the concept of fantasy and fairy tales being viewed as Children's stories during her youth (1960's), and how this is debunked by the fact fairy tales were created for adult audiences in the middle ages. Windling also mentions how these forms of literature create a form of escapism for its readers yet contains quite realistic scenarios that gives its audience a way to improve the real world.
https://www.jstor.org/stable/26390192
Anahi Canales Dominguez

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"But is it Science Fiction": Science Fiction and a theory of genre

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"But is it Science Fiction": Science Fiction and a theory of genre

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This article is written by Simon J. Evnine and discusses how Science Fiction is treated as a genre. It goes over what a genre is and how it can be defined - all from a general perspective that can also be applied to fantasy. It also describes how outlier works can spark arguments over whether the work can really be considered true science fiction, and how this kind of discussion can broaden people's understanding of the genre as a whole.
(Robert McDonald)
http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,shib&db=a9h&AN=111004565&site=ehost-live&custid=git1

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Fairy Tales + Fantasy and absent parents

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Fairy Tales + Fantasy and absent parents

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(Trauma and absent parents in fairy tale and fantasy: Fairy stories, "Harry Potter," "Twilight," and "His Dark Materials") is the article name, and it all about how a main character losing their parents, either by death or absence, is an extremely common theme in both fairy tales and fantasy novels. The destruction of a characters family structure is a way for authors to spark the characters development and story, and is used time and times again in all sorts of different genres. In fairy tales and fantasy specifically, characters usually try to regain a new sense of family and create a new familial structure, which can create tension.

(Robert McDonald)
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2024598036?pq-origsite=primo

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Fairy Tale and Fantasy: From Archaic to Postmodern

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Fairy Tale and Fantasy: From Archaic to Postmodern

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This academic article by Maria Nikolajeva argues that, while related, fairy tales, myths, and folklore are commonly produced with archaic influence and structure. On the other hand, fantasy tends to be rooted from modern elements and production. Nikolajeva provides examples of counterarguments to this statement, but emphasizes that this tends to be the case. The author also mentions that fantasy could still be identified as an evolving genre, while myth, fairy tales, and folklore can be considered to be fully developed.

https://shibbolethsp.jstor.org/start?entityID=https%3A%2F%2Fidp.gatech.edu%2Fopenathens&dest=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41389904&site=jstor

Ashlyn Goolsby

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The Magic of Fantasy: the Traditional, the Original, and the Wonderful

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The Magic of Fantasy: the Traditional, the Original, and the Wonderful

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Simon Barron first uses Leng's definition to reference the genre as work in which the author includes unnatural or impossible events to construct a storyline. I think the inclusion of this definition is important to establish the author's view on the elements of the genre he discusses. Barron continues to discuss common similarities amongst works of fantasy, including tropes, traditional plot structure, character, and style. Not only are these commonly similar among fantasy literature, but they are accumulated to "incite wonder." Ultimately, what makes a work fantasy literature is its capability to captivate the reader through magnificent elements.

https://shibbolethsp.jstor.org/start?entityID=https%3A%2F%2Fidp.gatech.edu%2Fopenathens&dest=https://www.jstor.org/stable/48614719&site=jstor

Ashlyn Goolsby

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The Inner Consistency Of Mythology: The Mythological Kernel And Adaptation In The Golden Compass

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The Inner Consistency Of Mythology: The Mythological Kernel And Adaptation In The Golden Compass

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In this article by Douglas Barnim, he  analyzes the fantasy adventure film "The Golden Compass" in conjunction with the ideology of fantasy writer J.R.R Tolkien. In this article he highlights the need for fantasy to contain an "inner consistency of reality" that acts as a bridge or hinge point between the fantastical world and the world of the reader. In the film "The Golden Compass" Douglass states that mythology can be an effective tool that demonstrates this point. He argues that mythology is essential to many works of fiction in order to connect the feasible to the fantastical.

- Christian Haynes

https://www.jstor.org/stable/26937587

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Teaching Fantasy: Overcoming the Stigma of Fluff

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Teaching Fantasy: Overcoming the Stigma of Fluff

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This article, posted in the English Journal discusses the largely stigmatized aspects of fantasy writing that prevent it from being examined and studied as a competent and thought provoking genre of literature. The author identifies fairy tales, heroic cycles, and cliché story arches to be perpetrators of this viewpoint. However, the author does not condemn these aspects. Rather, she argues that these factors can exist in fantasy works that are stimulating and provide social commentary that warrants analyzation. She presents examples of works written by influential writers such as Pratchett and Eddings. She asserts that these unrealistic and humorous works of fiction proposed ideology that influenced the sociopolitical landscape of their time.
- Christian Haynes
https://www.jstor.org/stable/3650426

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Magical Genders: The Gender(s) of Witches in the Historical imagination of Terry Pratchett's Discworld

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Magical Genders: The Gender(s) of Witches in the Historical imagination of Terry Pratchett's Discworld

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This source focuses on how a specific example of satirical fantasy - Terry Pratchett's Discworld - has seen changes since its implementation in 1983. It notes that the genre of fantasy has matured into one that asks more philosophical and relevant questions, even though his satirical fantasy began as simply parodical. As such, fantasy has begun to explore real world topics like gender narratives and archetypes despite its elements of imagination and even comments on the patriarchy.
Palak Sharma SF4
https://shibbolethsp.jstor.org/start?entityID=https%3A%2F%2Fidp.gatech.edu%2Fopenathens&dest=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26815986&site=jstor

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Fantasies of Complicity in the Second World War 

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Fantasies of Complicity in the Second World War 

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This source  by Robert Maslen discusses fantasy as being a result of necessary escapism from depressing circumstances. He defines this fantasy as anything dealing with the impossible, sharing only the similarity of being created as a means of escapism. This definition focuses less on the content of any individual piece, but instead on the purpose of the piece being an otherwise impossible break from reality.

https://thecityoflostbooks.glasgow.ac.uk/fantasies-of-complicity-in-the-second-world-war/

Grace Harrigan

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Magical Realism in Ghādah al-Sammān's "The Square Moon"

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Magical Realism in Ghādah al-Sammān's "The Square Moon"

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This source speaks about addressing issues of reality which are difficult to attack head on  through fantastical and supernatural concepts. An interesting point it makes is that fantasy is based on certain 'historical precursors,' and is therefore intrinsically tied to some elements of reality, which is what al-Sammān intends to provoke.
Palak Sharma SF4
https://shibbolethsp.jstor.org/start?entityID=https%3A%2F%2Fidp.gatech.edu%2Fopenathens&dest=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25598004&site=jstor

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Fantasy as Escapism into Reality: Realistic Resonances of the Battles in Lewis's Narnia and Tolkien's Middle Earth. 

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Fantasy as Escapism into Reality: Realistic Resonances of the Battles in Lewis's Narnia and Tolkien's Middle Earth. 

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In this article, Meera Prasannan discusses a counter-argument to the idea that fantasy is simply a means of escapism. She discusses the idea that fantasy is a means of translating real world problems into more engaging formats to then allow readers to come to new conclusions regarding their own struggles.

http://www.researchscholar.co.in/downloads/8-meera-prasannan.pdf

Grace Harrigan

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Harry Potter and the Enhancement of Hope: What Harry Potter and Positive Psychology can Teach Us about the Good Life

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Harry Potter and the Enhancement of Hope: What Harry Potter and Positive Psychology can Teach Us about the Good Life

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This capstone project details how reading optimistic fantasy novels, mainly Harry Potter, can improve the psychological wellbeing of both its young and adult audience by offering hope. The work highlights how Harry Potter provides the feeling of hope through its portrayal of empathetic characters who seek to embody this ideal, as well as encouraging in the audience the intellectual ability to read more complex books after Harry Potter.  Specifically, the novels depict the importance of hope, such as through the dementors leaving their victims with only their worst memories by sucking the hope out of them, and this contributes to the idea of how hope can lead to motivation and have social and health benefits. Additionally, the paper mentions how this positive emotions can broaden the minds of readers to be more creative and receptive, both as they read fantasy and in the real world.

https://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1159&context=mapp_capstone

Ashmitha Julius Aravind

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"From Folklore to Fantasy: The Living Dead, Metamorphoses, and Other Strange Things"

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"From Folklore to Fantasy: The Living Dead, Metamorphoses, and Other Strange Things"

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In this source, Merja Leppalahti  explores the connection between folklore and fantasy literature. She discusses how fantasy fiction draws upon folklore as a tool for rich worldbuilding, and how fantastical creatures often depicted in pop culture as fantasy motifs are actually folk motifs.

https://www-proquest-com.eu1.proxy.openathens.net/docview/2202730886?accountid=11107
Yoon Ji Cho

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Evaluating Adeyemi’s Children of Blood and Bone through Magic Realist Lenses

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Evaluating Adeyemi’s Children of Blood and Bone through Magic Realist Lenses

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This research paper explores how the magical elements portrayed in Tomi Adeyemi's novel Children of Blood and Bone can be differentiated within magic realism and the genre of fantasy. The work states how magic realism can be viewed as separate from fantasy because of the narrator's perspective and acceptance of the magical elements. In Children of Blood and Bone, the view of magic changes from rare and unexpected to natural and inherent, which relates to both the resolved and unresolved antimony in magic realism, and there is also a sense of liminality where the elements in the novel transition from realism to the magical. Lastly, the work mentions the fantasy definition of the magic realism having a supernatural explanation, which is the case in this novel due to its mythological elements.
https://www.royalliteglobal.com/languages-and-literatures/article/view/75/53
Ashmitha Julius Aravind

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Though this source touches on various aspects of fantasy, it includes mention of how magic is an important cornerstone of fantasy literature, and how good fantasy draws upon both reality and magic to immerse readers in the story.

https://www-proquest-com.eu1.proxy.openathens.net/docview/302931795/previewPDF/972B58A8EE2B412APQ/1?accountid=11107

Yoon Ji Cho

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A Classification of Fantasy in Serious Games

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A Classification of Fantasy in Serious Games

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This article defines fantasy in the gaming world rather than through the literature world. It provides two definitions of fantasy: 1. “mental activities to internalize unusual external objective stimulus.” and 2. “byproducts of human imagination such as narratives, learning environments, environmental objects, or even sound effects within an educational game.” They connect the player to fantasy and discuss the ways in which game fantasy and literature fantasy differ.
-Melody Nigam

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A Classification of Fantasy in Serious Games | Extended Abstracts of the Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in Play Companion Extended Abstracts

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Home Conferences CHI-PLAY Proceedings CHI PLAY '19 Extended Abstracts A Classification of Fantasy in Serious Games

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J.R.R TOLKIEN, FANFICTION, AND "THE FREEDOM OF THE READER".

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J.R.R TOLKIEN, FANFICTION, AND "THE FREEDOM OF THE READER".

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http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lkh&AN=91652084&site=lrc-plus

This source follows J.R.R. Tolkien and his responses to fanfiction of his series Lord of the Rings. It describes the nature of fanfiction and how its relationship with the original text is similar to folklore or mythology in fantasy novels in which one expands upon the constraints of the world laid out by the other. Although this source focuses more on fanfiction, I believe the way it highlights the transformation of the novel in the imagination of the reader is relevant to the subject of fantasy.

(Willa Zheng)

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The Magic Appeal: Fantasy Elements in the Twilight Series

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The Magic Appeal: Fantasy Elements in the Twilight Series

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Written by Wang Hui, this source centers around the idea of how fantasy elements- such as magic, supernatural creatures, and human desires makes novels so much more desirable to read. Hui covers the ways in which the book series Twilight uses those fantasy elements in order to create a whole entire world that is new and fascinating, inspiring the imagination of the reader.

-Melody Nigam

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‘A Crowd at Your Back’: Fantasy Fandom and Small Press

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‘A Crowd at Your Back’: Fantasy Fandom and Small Press

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Kim Wilkins, an Australian speculative fiction author and professor of writing at the University of Queensland, wrote this article to address the impact of the fantasy fandom on the existence and growth of small press in Australia.

For a long time, large presses were the main distributors of information and media around the globe. With the development of technology, it has become easier to produce on a smaller (or even individual) scale, but large book publishing houses still dominated. However, Wilkins identifies and praises the "prosumptive" quality of the fantasy fandom she observes in her fantasy community, which is the quality of the readers (consumers) to also produce fantasy literature of their own. In this manner, the fantasy fandom is itself perpetuating a positive feedback loop of expanding content.

Link to article

-Adela Sheng

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https://go.openathens.net/redirector/gatech.edu?url=https://search.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/folklore-fantastic-literature/docview/212100549/se-2?accountid=11107.

Summary: This source describes how fantasy fiction needs to build upon an inner logic to make the readers believe in it: “There must be enough of the familiar, the mimetic, within the story so that the reader can understand the nature of the unfamiliar, the fantastic”. Folklore in fantasy fiction assists with world-building by adopting morals, proverbs, and fables that are familiar to the reader while also differentiating the fantasy world through alterations in how those fables apply to it.

(Willa Zheng)

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Alex Payne
This is an authors take on the elements of fantasy. He directly defines fantasy as having magic and magic's existence is what defines something as fantasy. It can be rare or very common in the world, but it must exist even as just an atmospheric element.