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Luther, a German monk was appalled by the corrupt practices of the church officials, in particular the sale of indulgences. Luther's goal was to reform, not to break from the church.

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Indulgences were a way to pay the church for forgiveness of sins. Rich people could pay their way to heaven.

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King Henry VIII wanted to a divorce because his current wife couldn't give Henry a male heir.

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Ruled England for 36 years, presiding over sweeping changes that brought his nation into the Protestant Reformation.

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After being denied a divorce King Henry VIII  seizes and divides land and wealth of the Catholic Church to go on to build his own church, the Church of England where he has declared himself head.

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In response to the sale of indulgences, Luther wrote The 95 Theses, Believed that people could gain salvation through faith alone. The bible was ultimate authority not the pope. "Faith alone, Grace alone, Salvation alone."

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After refusing to recant his ideas Luther was excommunicated and went into hiding for several years.

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After King Henry VIII passes away, Elizabeth I was third in line for the throne after Edward VI and Mary I.

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Because of the churches corrupt system demands to reform came from Martin Luther, John Calvin, and other scholars in Europe.

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The renaissance values of humanism and secularism led to people questioning the church.

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Elizabeth I (ruled 1558-1603) Colonized the western hemisphere.
- Military outposts and economic advantage.

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Victory over the Spanish Armada
- England becomes naval power
- Ends Spain's domination of the Atlantic.

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French priest and lawyer
- institutes on the Christian Religion
- Believes salvation is gained through faith alone.
- Bible as the only source of religious truth
- Predestination.

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Established his first community in Geneva Switzerland.
- Monasteries were dissolved
- Mass was abolished
- Papal authority renounced.

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Calvinism would be a foundation for additional protestant faiths.
-Baptist
-Anabaptist
-Puritan
-Presbyterian
-Congregationalist