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In the early 1900’s problems of rapid industrialization cause Marxist groups to arise.

Mensheviks: Liberal and want as much support as possible

Bolsheviks: small, radical group willing to sacrifice everything.

Major leader of the Bolsheviks, Lenin, flees to Europe to escape the Czar

Significance: Lenin fleeing Russia will ensure he can return later and carry out the revolution.

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Date: February 1904

Russia and Japan were imperialist powers. They both competed for control of Korea and Manchuria, so they signed a series of agreements over the territories, but Russia broke them. In retaliation, Japan attacked the Russians at Port Arthur, Manchuria. The Japanese defeated the Russians.

Significance: The news of the loss in Russia sparked unrest at home and led to revolt in the midst of the war (division in a nation during a war is never a good thing).

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The Revolution of 1905... "Bloody Sunday"

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The Revolution of 1905... "Bloody Sunday"

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Date: January 22,1905

About 20,000 workers and their families approached the czar’s winter palace carrying a petition asking for better working conditions, more personal freedom, and an elected national legislature. Nicholas II was not at the palace, but his generals and police chiefs were, so they ordered the soldiers to fire on the crowd. Between 500 and 1,000 unarmed people were killed. While most people called it “bloody Sunday”, Lenin called the incident a “dress rehearsal” for the later revolution.

Significance: it provoked a wave of strikes and violence that spread across the country. Nicholas promised more freedom and this led to the creation of the Dooma. This was all a stepping stone in the revolution.

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Date: 1914
Who is Rasputin? He was a self-described “holy-man” who claimed to have magical healing powers.

Why does the Czarina give him so much power?

Alexis, her son, suffered from hemophilia (a life-threatening disease) and Rasputin seemed to ease the boy’s symptoms. She gave him so much power in an attempt to express her gratitude.

What happens to Rasputin?

In 1916, a group of nobles murdered Rasputin because they feared his increasing role in government affairs.

Significance: Rasputin opposed reform measures and spread corruption throughout the royal court.

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What problems to Russian troops face on the front?

Weak generals

Poorly equipped troops

The German machine guns mowed down advancing Russians by the thousands

Significance: All of these factors eventually led to the defeat of Russia in the war.

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Date: March, 1917

What happens?

Women textile workers in Petrograd led a city-wide strike

Riots flared up over shortages of bread and fuel

Nearly 20,000 workers swarmed the streets

At first, the soldiers obeyed the orders to shoot the rioters, but later sided with them

The soldiers fired at their commanding officers and joined the rebellion

Significance: it forced Czar Nicholas II to abdicate his throne and eventually led to the collapse of the czarist rule of the Romanovs.

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What is a provisional government?

It is a temporary government.

What is formed to compete for power?

Soviets were formed. They were local councils consisting of workers, peasants, and soldiers.

Significance: Germany seeked to erode the provisional government’s authority, so they arranged Lenin’s return.

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Date: April 1917.

His slogan: “Peace, Land, and Bread”

Significance: People liked Lenin’s slogan. It signified everything they wanted, so they supported him.

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Date: October, 1917

How?

Lenin and the Bolsheviks recognized their opportunity to seize power. They gained control of the Petrograd Soviet, as well as the soviets in other major Russian cities. By 1917, people were rallying to the call-- “All power to the soviets.” Lenin’s slogan, “peace, land, and bread” was gaining widespread appeal, so he decided to take action.

What did they give the peasants?

Lenin ordered all farmland to be distributed amongst the peasants.

What did they give the workers?

They gave the workers control of the factories.

Significance: this was the beginning of the new government. They were finally giving more power to the people.

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Date: March 3, 1918

What did this treaty do?

It stopped all fighting on the eastern war front and began peace talks.

What did Russia lose?

They surrendered a large chunk of their territory to Germany and to its allies.

How do the Russian people feel about this?

The humiliating terms of this treaty triggered widespread anger, among many Russians.

Significance: this all led to the people now objecting the Bolsheviks and their policies.

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Dates: 1918-1920

What challenge to the Bolsheviks face?

They had to stamp out their enemies at home.

Who commands the Bolsheviks?

The revolutionary leader Leon Trotsky, who helped negotiate the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, expertly commanded the Bolshevik Red Army.

Who wins?

The Bolsheviks win.

Significance: it showed that the Bolsheviks were able to both seize power and maintain it. They faced a lot of problems with the aftermath of the civil war.