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6) In this chapter, the authors reference a British critic in 1820 who said, “In the four quarters of the globe who reads an American book, or goes to an American play, or looks at an American picture or statue?” Yet, they also trace the development of uniquely American forms of art, architecture, and literature in the nineteenth century. As you read this chapter, can you explain the continuities and changes in American art, architecture, and literature from 1790 to 1860?

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6) In this chapter, the authors reference a British critic in 1820 who said, “In the four quarters of the globe who reads an American book, or goes to an American play, or looks at an American picture or statue?” Yet, they also trace the development of uniquely American forms of art, architecture, and literature in the nineteenth century. As you read this chapter, can you explain the continuities and changes in American art, architecture, and literature from 1790 to 1860?

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There was an overall switch from very realistic portraits to art pieces to a very humanized and idealized.  A similar liberalized approach happened with  literature as well.  In the late 1700's, polite and non controversial writings faded into more open and less afraid ones.  With the surge of nationalism after the War of 1812 had an impact on the writings.

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5) After you have read “Contending Voices: The Role of Women”, can you analyze both excerpts’ intended audience, purpose, and point of view?

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5) After you have read “Contending Voices: The Role of Women”, can you analyze both excerpts’ intended audience, purpose, and point of view?

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The first excerpts intended audience was the white male or males in general.  The newspaper publisher believed that women whom were fighting for their rights in these conventions were "out of their latitude" and needed to remain in the roles set by the cult of domesticity movement.  It was meant to mock and discourage women from fighting for their rights.  The second excerpt contrasted the first and encouraged women to reform.  It was to refute the first article and to add more evidence that made it invalid and that women should continue to fight.

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4) How does the Second Great Awakening of the nineteenth century compare to the Great Awakening of the eighteenth century? As you read this chapter and review the information about the Great Awakening in Chapter 5, how many relevant similarities and differences between these two events can you generate?

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4) How does the Second Great Awakening of the nineteenth century compare to the Great Awakening of the eighteenth century? As you read this chapter and review the information about the Great Awakening in Chapter 5, how many relevant similarities and differences between these two events can you generate?

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In the first awakening the beliefs were that god granted salvation, humans had a sinful nature and that there was an inability to change behavior because of predestination. In the second awaking it was believed that individuals controlled their own salvation, there was a good in all humans, and that everyone had the power to change their destiny.  The second awakening also spouted the believe their should be an emotional connection to God.  The main similarity is that colleges spawned from these ideals.

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3) Why did America produce so many reform and utopian movements? What did they contribute to American culture?

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3) Why did America produce so many reform and utopian movements? What did they contribute to American culture?

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America was undergoing changes in education, laws regarding alcohol, and women's rights.  This encouraged the people to change the way society was working.  Utopian societies and reforms were another way of changing the new American society because people wanted to live a perfect and happy life.

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2) Was the “new family” a progressive reflection of American democratic ideals, or a restriction on them?

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2) Was the “new family” a progressive reflection of American democratic ideals, or a restriction on them?

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It was both a progressive and restriction on them.  On the one hand there were smaller families and parents were able to care for each child individually.  It taught children to be individuals and live off moral standards. But the new idea of women being homemakers made it impossible for them to pursue any other career and contributed to the idea that women are weaker then men.

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1) Were the “cult of domesticity” and the rise of the child-centered family signs of an improvement or a restriction in women’s status and condition? 

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1) Were the “cult of domesticity” and the rise of the child-centered family signs of an improvement or a restriction in women’s status and condition? 

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Cult of domesticity was the belief in the 19th about how women should act, behave, and function in society.  The women were expected to be religious, subservient, and homemakers. The child-centered family movement was when the familys began to have less children and view them as the future. This was an improvement for women status because they were being considered real people even though they couldn't vote. but they were not happy because they were forced to stay inside the house.