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Two types:
A. CISC:
1. Complex instruction set computer.
2. Prominant on Hardware.
3. Multiple instruction sizes and formats.
4. Less number of registors.
5. More addressing modes.
6. Extensive use of microprogramming.
7. Instructions take varying amount of cycle time.
8. Pipeline is difficult.
9. Many instructions can reference memory
10. Uses micro-program control unit.
11. Eg, Pentium, SHARC[DSP processor].

B. RISC
1. Reduced instruction set computer.
2. Prominant on software.
3. Instructions of the same set with few formats.
4. More number of registers.
5. Fewer addressing modes.
6. Complexity in compiler.
7. Instructions take only one cycle time.
8. Pipeline is easy.
9. Only Load and Store instructions can reference memory.
10. Uses hardwire control unit.
11. ARM9

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Two types of memory architeture:
1. Von-Neuman
2.Harward

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The three basic characteristics used to differentiate microprocessor from microcontroller:
1. Instruction
2. Band-width
3. Clock-speed

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1. Instruction register: Stores the code of the current instruction.
2. Program register: Stores the code of the next instruction.
3. Status register: Contains flip-flops called as flats which store extra bits or carry bits.

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An accumulator is a working register.

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What kind of data can be given to the instruction is called data format.
1. Binary
2. BCD
3. Hexadecimal
4. Signed integer
5. Unsigned integer
6. ASCII

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Word=16bits
Nibble=4bits
A byte=8bits

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A. Microprocessor:
1. Reads instruction from memory.
2. Communicated with all peripherals using system bus.
3. Controls the timing of information flow.
4. performs computing tasks specified in the program
B. The memory:
1. Stores binary information called instruction and data.
2. Provides instruction and data to the microprocessor on request.
3. Stores results and data for microprocessor.
C. The input devices:
1. Enters data and instruction under the control of a program such as the monitor program.
D. The output devices:
1. Accepts data from the microprocessor as specified in a program.
E. The bus:
1. Carries bits between microprocessor and peripherals.

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There registers are primarily used to store data temporarily during the execution of a program and are accessible to the user through instructions.

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A microprocessor is a clock driven semiconductor device consisting of electronic logic circuits manufactured using either a large-scale integration(LSI) or very large scale integration(VLSI) technique.

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A command to the microprocessor to perform a given task on  particular data.
The three types as per the size are:
1. 1byte    2. 2byte    3. 3byte
Each instruction has two parts:
op-code operand

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Any operation needs all three system buses.

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System Bus is a group of wire bundled together that connects the CPU with the peripheral.
There are three types of system buses:
1. Address system bus
2. Data system bus
3. Control system bus: Provides timing signals for synchronization.
Note: All peripherals share the same bus. However, the microprocessor communicated with only one peripheral at a time. The timing is provided by the control unit of the microprocessor.

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Most recently accessed memory is stored in something called as Cache

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A computer with microprocessor as it CPU is called a microcomputer.
It is also essentially an entire computer on a single chip.

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Memory consists of two parts:
1. ROM: Read only memory
2. RAM: Random access memory also known as the read/write memory

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Peripherals are electronic eqiupment connected to the CPU via cable