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Difference Between Mechanical and Electromagnetic Waves

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Mechanical Waves and Non- Mechanical Waves | Types of Waves - Iken Edu

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This interactive animation describes about the mechanical and non-mechanical waves, types of mechanical waves. It also describes about the transverse and longitudinal waves, compression and the rarefaction. This is a product of Mexus Education Pvt. Ltd., an education innovations company based in Mumbai, India.

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This type of wave travels along a surface that is between two media. An example of a surface wave would be waves in a pool, or in an ocean, lake, or any other type of water body. There are two types of surface waves, namely Rayleigh waves and Love waves. Rayleigh waves, also known as ground roll, are waves that travel as ripples with motion similar to those of waves on the surface of water. Rayleigh waves are much slower than body waves, roughly 90% of the velocity of body waves for a typical homogeneous elastic medium. A Love wave is a surface waves having horizontal waves that are shear or transverse to the direction of propagation. They usually travel slightly faster than Rayleigh waves, about 90% of the body wave velocity, and have the largest amplitude.

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Some of the most common examples of mechanical waves are water waves, sound waves, and seismic waves. There are three types of mechanical waves: transverse waves, longitudinal waves, and surface waves. A Mechanical wave is a wave that first requires a beginning input.

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Physics - Mechanics: Mechanical Waves (1 of 21) Basics

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When the two pulses have equal amplitude but with displacements of opposite signs the displacements are added the resultant wave has a displacement of zero.The two pulses completely cancel each other. This situation is known as complete Destructive Interference.

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What happens if the pulses are on opposite sides of the equilibrium position?
In this case, the displacements have different signs, one positive and one negative. When the positive and negative displacements are added the resultant wave is the difference between the pulses. This is called Destructive Interference.

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If the displacements are on the same side of equilibrium, they have the same sign. When added together, the resultant wave is larger than the individual displacements. This is called Constructive Interference.

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In the picture below, two wave pulses are traveling toward each other. The larger pulse is moving to the right, while the smaller pulse moves to the left. At the moment the two waves meet, a resultant wave is formed.

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The combination of two overlapping waves is called principle of superposition.

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When two waves come together, they do not bounce back as bumper boats do. If you listen carefully at a concert, you can distinguish the sounds of different instruments. Trumpet sounds are different from flute sounds, even when the two instruments are played at the same time.

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The speed of a mechanical wave is constant for any given medium. For example, at a concert, sound waves from different instruments reach your ears at the same moment, even when the frequencies of the sound waves are different. So although the frequencies and wavelengths of sounds produced by each instrument may be different, the product of the two is always the same at the same temperature.

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Speed of a wave : V= YF

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For a wave, a displacement of one wavelength (Y) occurs in a time interval equal to one period of the vibration (T).

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You can derive an expression for the speed of a wave in terms of its period or frequency.

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Frequency is measured in hertz. One hertz (Hz) is one oscillation per second. The frequency and period of a wave are related by the following equation.

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You can find the frequency of a transverse wave by counting the number of crests or troughs that pass by a point each second.

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In a transverse wave there are alternating high points called crest Sand low points called thought.

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Particles in these mediums are pushed together and move apart as the sound waves travel through them.

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Sound waves can also travel through other mediums, such as water and wood.

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When you speak or sing your vocal cords vibrate and this causes a compressional wave through the air.

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In a longitudinal wave matter in the medium moves back and forth along the same direction that the wave travel. Longitudinal waves cause the medium to shake in a parallel direction to the direction of the wave. It consists of multiple compression's and rare-fraction's. The rarefaction is the farthest distance apart in the longitudinal wave and the compression is the closest distance together. The speed of the longitudinal wave is increased in higher point of refraction, due to the closer proximity of the atoms in the medium that is being compressed. Sound is considered a longitudinal wave.

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In a transfers wave matter in the medium moves back and forth at right angles to the direction that the wave travel. Transverse waves cause the medium to vibrate at a right angle in the direction of the wave or energy being carried by the medium. Transverse waves have two parts, which are the crest and the trough. The crest is the highest point of the wave and the trough is the lowest. The distance between a crest and a trough is half of wavelength. The wavelength is the distance from crest to crest or from trough to trough. Light also has properties of a transverse wave, although it is an electromagnetic wave.

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The two type of Mechanical waves are:
1. Transverse waves
2. Longitudinal waves