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◘Tetanus is a infection caused by the bacteria Clostridium tetani
◘It is able to enter and infect its victims though broken skin that has came into contact with contaminated objects such as soil, dust, manure and more

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◘Tetanus was noted as first being described back in Egypt around 3000 years ago when Tetanus was a prevalent disease
◘In 1884 two men, by the name of Carle and Rattone, were the first to inject and produce tetanus from a fatal human case into a animal while a man named Nicolaier also produced tentanus in animals but did it by injecting samples of soil into animals
◘Not until 1889 did a man named Kisasato isolate the bacteria from a human victim, demonstrate that it produced disease when injected into animals, and report that the toxin could be neutralized by specific antibodies
◘Then in 1897, around the time of World War I, a man name Nocard demonstrated the protective effect of passively transferred antitoxin, and passive immunization in humans was used for treatment and prophylaxis
◘By the early 1920’s a man named Ramon  developed a method for inactivating tetanus toxin with formaldehyde which then led to the first development of tetanus toxoid by another man named Descombey in 1924

https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/pinkbook/downloads/tetanus.pdf&ved=0ahUKEwir7Jfp1Z_MAhULHT4KHSh_B9AQFggfMAE&usg=AFQjCNGJYShe-KXms_HDn_lbljFv-nvXXw&sig2=2KA05wlWzgR0uvxTg9EtTg

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◘There are only 30 documented cases of tetanus each year, but world wider there are about 10,000 cases
◘Tetanus occurs worldwide but is most frequently encountered in densely populated regions in hot, damp climates with soil rich in organic matter

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◘There are three different forms of Tetanus:
-Local Tetanus, where there are contraction of muscles in the same anatomic area as the injury
-Cephalic Tetanus, where there is involvement of the cranial nerves, especially in the facial area
-General Tetanus, the most common one, which starts in the jaw causing lockjaw then usually spreads throughout the body's muscles, causing painful tightening
◘Incubation period is about 8 days, ranging from 3-21 days depending on the distance the toxin is from the nervous system and the quantity of it,
◘Major signs and symptoms:
-Headache.
-Jaw cramping
-Sudden, involuntary muscle tightening
-Painful muscle stiffness
-Trouble swallowing
-Jerking or staring (seizures)
-Fever and sweating
-High blood pressure and fast heart rate

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◘Tetanus immune globulin (TIG) is recommended for people with tetanus and can only help remove unbound tetanus toxin but it cannot affect toxins bound to nerve endings
◘ Intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) contains tetanus antitoxin and may be used if TIG is not available
◘Vaccination or Formalin-inactivated tetanus toxin which follows a schedule

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◘There is major health problems in developing world, such as Africa and South East Asia where incomplete vaccine deployment amongst the population at risk is a major factor
◘Policies that could be put in place are more training for the local doctors and suppying them with the necessary medication in order to combat the bacteria

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◘Tetanus- a infection cause by the bacteria clostridium tetani
◘Clostridium tetani- a anaerobic gram-positive, spore-forming bacteria
◘Tetanus immune globulin(TIG)- injection that can help remove unbound tetanus toxins
◘General Tetanus- most common type of tetanus that travels in a descending pattern, from the jaw to the general body
◘Tetanus Incubation Period- ranges from 3-21 days

https://quizlet.com/_27xvyt