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In 1793, according to the plans of Catherine Greene, Eli Whitley invented a machine which increase the production of coton in USA.
This discovery allowed the Southern States to enhance their economy (75%) exclusively based on the production of coton.
But, it also improved the slavery rather than remplace it.
This dependance from slavery lead the Southern Sates against the Nothern States when the slavery was abolished.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LiuYxA7JDx4

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The underground railroads was a network of route, refuge used by afro-americans slaves during the 18th century. It's during the 1850's, which it was perform well. The operators of the underground railroads was principally ordinary people like farmer, business owner...

The 1850's was perform well, because the fugitive slace acts passed, and by the way slave was forced, if they want to be free, to go in Canada. An estimated 30,000 to 100,000 slaves escaped to Canada. The biggest group of free slave lived in the Upper Canada (Southern Ontario).

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The Many Myths of Slaves and the Underground Railroads

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President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863, as the nation approached its third year of bloody civil war.

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1863 Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation

Goal: emancipate slaves who live in states of Confederation of South.
Consequences:
- not really end of slavery
- doesn't guarantee citizenship for free slave
- acceptance of black men in army, or navy

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1864-1865 13th Amendment
This Amendment was adopted on December 6, 1865 in order to abolish the slavery in the USA. It was ratified at the end of the Civil War, under Abraham LINCOLN.
In the aftermath of the Amendment, slavery was illegal everywere in the country except in Delaware, Kentuky, Missouri, Maryland and West Virginia.

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15 th amendment is a law of the American constitution it confers the right to vote to everyone , but for that it prohibits the governments and the states from denying a citizen.This right regardless of race,color or previous condition of servitude.Into adopted into the constitution to protect the right of African-American men after the civil war.It was completely accepted the 3 February 1870.Even of each states has accepted it,some southern states don’t apply.

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February 3, 1870: The 15th amendment ratified

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1868 14th Amendment

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Educational Videos for Students (Cartoons on Bullying, Leadership & More)

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What is the 14th Amendment? (U.S. Government) The 14th Amendment & Black History

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The 14th Amendment of the constitution is amendment which has as a goal to granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized int the United State of America like slaves or even black people. This amendment comprise five section and authorized the federal governement to punish states that violated citizen's right.

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The civil Rights Act of 1866 was the first law enacted by the United State Congress clearly defining US citizenship and affirming that all citizen are equal

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1866 Civil Rights Act

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Rosa Parks is an american civil rights activist, also called "The mother of the civil rights movement". She became famous on march 2nd , 1955, when she refuses to give up her bus seat to a white man on a segregated bus in Montgomery (Alabama). After the bus event, she spent her life fighting for justice and racial equality. One of her famous quote was :"You must never be fearful about what you are doing when it is right !".

https://youtu.be/SpbieU6LCOQ

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The Black laws was created in 1865 and 1866 in United States. They are used for restrict African Americans' freedom, and to compel them to work for low wages.
The laws for Black people:
- prohibiting them from voting
- bearing arms
- gathering in groups for worship
- prohibition learning to read and write
For the era, this laws was made for kepping slavery in slave societies
https://youtu.be/3DIydCHFWKQ

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The day after "Brown v. Board of Education" was announced, Nettie Hunt sat on the steps of the U.S. Supreme Court and explained the decision to her daughter.

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1954 Brown vs Board of Education of Topeka

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1954 Brown vs Board of Education of Topeka

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On May, 17, 1954, The U.S Supreme Court was still divided most justices believe that segregation was a violation of the 14th Amendment's equality.

And it’s the 17 May, 1954 at the U.S Supreme court that an amendment at the constitution was ruled unanimously.

This amendment have a simple goal, ban segregation in American public school, it marks the end of the “separate but equal” ruled 60 years earlier.

This amendment arrived after many cases of segregation and in particular one, the case Oliver Brown.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1siiQelPHbQ&list=RDLV1siiQelPHbQ&index=1

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Jim Crow laws were collection of national laws and local statutes that legalized racial segregation in the Southern United States. They came from black codes.
The laws which existed for about 100 years from the post civil war era until 1968.

Their goals were to marginalize African Americans by forbidden them the right of vote, hold jobs, get and education...
Those who breaked this rules risked being arrested, jail sentences, violence or death.

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Did You Know? Jim Crow Laws | Encyclopaedia Britannica

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The Montgothemery Bus Boycott is the name of the civil rights protest which black people didn’t want to ride buses in Montgomery, the capital of Alabama state in USA. The boycott began the december 5, 1955 and ended the december 2, 1956. It starts with the Rosa Parks arrestation. After this event the Montgomery improvment Association was created and headed by MLK, and they wanted that white and African-American can take any place in buses regardless their origin. This movement brought together 30,000 to 40,000 people.

The U.S Supreme Court ultimately ordered Montegomery to take off the system that the white people had the preority to have a bus seat because this système was unconstitutional. This decision of the Supreme Cout, was influenced by the mobilization of buses and a famous black man, Martin Luther King. Jr.

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In August, the 28th 1963, 250'000 afro-americans gathered in front of the  Lincoln Memorial in Washington city.
This massive event aimed to fight against inequalities and discriminatrion that were facing black people. This manfestation was only the first of many others in order to get total freedom.
However, this march created anxiety, the president JFK was worried that this movement could end up into a riot.
Furthermore, it was also the opportunity for Martin Luther King to deliver his most famous speech "I have a dream".

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The Evansville Courier headline describes the signing of the Civil Rights Act

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President of the United States, Lyndon B. Johnson, sign the Civil Rights act at the white house the 2th of july 1964.

It is a law who support firstly black people and also freedom of human like discrimination of races, religions, sexe, native country... This legislation is applied in the country of United States and if you transgrate this law, you can lose your federal funding. This legislation include eleven segments.

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The Voting Rights Act of 1965, signed by President Lyndon B. Johnson

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The Voting Rights Act of 1965 was one of the most important pieces of language legislation in the United States, prohibiting discrimination in elections on the basis of race, color or language. It was signed and approved by President Lyndon Johnson on August 6, 1965.

The Voting Rights Act of 1965 removed barriers to black enfranchisement in the South, banning poll taxes, literacy tests, and other measures that effectively prevented African Americans from voting.

A week after Bloody Sunday, on March 15, 1965, President Johnson delivered a nationwide address in which he declared that “all Americans must have the privileges of citizenship regardless of race.”

President johnson speech : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bnmc_8pA1tY