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Orca

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Polar Bear Alaskan Tundra Wolf

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Snowy Owl     Arctic Fox

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Caribou     Musk Ox       Arctic Hare

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Arctic Willow Lichen

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Climate change is a major threat to the tundra. The temperatures have risen 3-5 degrees in the past 50 years and some models say that this number could possibly double in the future. The temperatures warming up are thawing out the permafrost which is allowing plants that don't usually grow in tundras, to grow there. Air pollution helps make the climate change even worse, because the smog that is caused from industries and vehicles, etc.,make clouds and cause "Black Carbon" settles on the snow causing it to melt faster. It also kills important food sources for many animals living there. Human Development is another issue. Drilling thaws out the permafrost too, and oil, gas, and mining industries disrupt the fragile tundra biome. Heavy vehicles and other construction can also damage the little bit of soil there and prevent any vegetation from returning.

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The Musk Ox use their hooves to stomp down and try and dig through the snow to eat the plants and their roots. They have thick long hair that keeps them insolated and warm and their short-legged bodies also help keep them warm. They travel in group and when they are threatened they make a circle with their horns facing out.
The Arctic Hare have coats of fur that grow longer and thicker during the winter and they have white fur to blend in with their environment (snow) to hide from predators. They have small ears because smaller ears lose less heat than larger ones.

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The Arctic Willow has long fuzzy hairs and grows close to the ground to protect itself from cold weather and winds. They grow like a carpet to retain heat.
Lichens are able to do Net Photosynthesis while frozen and can absorb water from the saturated atmosphere when it's covered by snow.

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All the animals of the tundra have coats of fur so that they can keep warm. Some animals also migrate during the winter and then some predators and prey have white coats of fur to blend in with the snow and catch prey or avoid predators. Animals of the tundra include: Musk ox, Arctic hare, polar bear, Arctic fox, Caribou, snowy owl, and the Alaskan Tundra wolf. You can also find orcas living off the coast and eating animals that can swim.

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There are no trees in the tundra because it is a treeless biome. Some plants of this biome include: Arctic moss, Arctic willow, caribou moss, Labrador tea, Arctic Poppy, Cotton Grass, and lichens. The plants of this biome are low growing to avoid the harsh winds and don't have long root systems. They also have coatings that help keep warm and protects the plants to reproduce.

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The latitude of the tundra is between 60-70 degrees N. The Altitude ranges from 300-11,079 ft. Both the latitude and altitude make the tundra a very cold place to be because the latitude makes the direct sunlight less and so it doesn't get as much heat as say the equator. The altitude makes it colder because because the higher elevation you are the colder it gets. The insolation is not as harsh here because the solar radiation is not as intense there because it is at a higher latitude.

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The tundra climate is a very windy and cold place with inadequate rainfall.
The climatograph shows how little precipitation is and how cold it can get during the year in the Alaskan Tundra.

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It is a biome that has very little vegetation and no trees. They are at the higher latitudes making the winters have very low temperatures and summers being cool and short.