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a category of artistic composition, as in music or literature, characterized by similarities in form, style, or subject matter.

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The standard photographic film format for analog single lens reflex (SLR) still cameras and motion picture cameras. Dating back to the first quarter of the 20th century, the 35mm format has mostly given way to digital still and video technologies.

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A twin-lens reflex camera is a type of camera with two objective lenses of the same focal length. One of the lenses is the photographic objective or "taking lens", while the other is used for the viewfinder system, which is usually viewed from above at waist level.

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The term Large Format simply means big film size. Large format cameras use sheet film sized 4x5" or larger with the most common film sizes being 4x5" and 8x10". ... Because in photography, the bigger the film size, the better the quality.

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The gelatin silver process is the photographic processused with currently available black-and-white films and printing papers. A suspension of silver salts in gelatin is coated onto a support such as glass, flexible plastic or film, baryta paper, or resin-coated paper.

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a keeper or custodian of a museum or other collection.

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a public display of works of art or items of interest, held in an art gallery or museum or at a trade fair.

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the action of framing something.

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a room or building for the display or sale of works of art.

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The exclusive legal right, given to an originator or an assignee to print, publish, perform, film, or record literary, artistic, or musical material, and to authorize others to do the same.

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A point moving through space, a long narrow mark.

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Enclosed space, flat; defined by other elements of art;may take on the appearance of 2D or 3D objects.

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Has 3 properties, hue:name of color; intensity:brightness or dullness; value: lightness or darkness

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An object with three dimensions.

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Lightness or darkness of a color.

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How a thing feels or appears to feel.

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Distance/ area between, around, above, below, and within things.

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is the distribution of the visual weight of objects, colors, texture, and space. If the design was a scale these elements should be balanced to make a design feel stable. in symmetrical balance, the elements used on one side of the design are similar to those on the other side; in asymmetrical balance, the sides are different but still looked balanced. In radical balance, the elements are arranged around a central point and may be similar.

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is the use of several elements of design to hold the viewer's attention and to guide the viewer's eye through the artwork.

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is the repeating of an object or symbol all over the artwork.

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is the feeling of unity created when all parts (sizes,amounts, or number) relate well with each other. When drawing the human figure, proportion can refer to the size of the head compared to the rest of the body.

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is the path the viewer's eyes takes through the artwork, often to focal areas. Such movement can be directed along lines edges, shape and color within the artwork.

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is the feeling of harmony between all parts of the artwork creating a sense of completeness.

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is the part of the design that catches the viewer's attention. Usually the artist will make one area stand out by contrasting it with other areas. The area will be different in size, color, texture, shape, etc.

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In radial balance, elements radiate out (in a circular shape) from one main center point. If you're looking to create a strong focal point, radial balance is an effective technique because your eyes are naturally drawn inwards to the center.

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Refers to a line that splits an object in half and, if both sides of the object are an exact mirror image of each other, then this object is said to be symmetrical. The line that splits a symmetrical object is called the line of symmetry.

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Asymmetrical balance is also commonly achieved when one main subject (commonly located in the foreground) is balanced out by another, less important subject (commonly located in the background).

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is placing two things together in order to show a contrast. In photography we use composition, clever use of forced perspectives or carefully placed props to convey the contrasts in the image.

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means exactly what it sounds like. Just one color. By picking different shades of the same color, you can highlight different areas of your photographs. Monochromatic photography is a great technique to isolate individual colors and make them really stand out!

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sometimes called non-objective, experimental, conceptual or concrete photography, is a means of depicting a visual image that does not have an immediate association with the object world and that has been created through the use of photographic equipment, processes or materials.

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The phrase cool color is used to describe any color that is calm or soothing in nature. Cool colors are not overpowering and tend to recede in space. For this reason, cool colors typically make a space seem larger. Examples of cool colors include green, blue and violet (think calming blue waters).

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The phrase warm color is used to describe any color that is vivid or bold in nature. Warm colors are those that tend to advance in space and can be overwhelming. Examples of warm colors include red, yellow and orange (think exciting fire and volcanoes). Contrast with cool colors.

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a color that combined with a given color makes white or black.

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Neutral colors can be defined as those colors to which you can't give a definite color name. If you can't describe your color scheme as blue, green, yellow, turquoise, pink, orange, red, etc, then you most likely have neutral coloring. These colors include beige, cream, ivory, white, grey, brown and natural wood.

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The rule of thirds is a "rule of thumb" or guideline which applies to the process of composing visual images such as designs, films, paintings, and photographs.

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the idea is that by using the golden ratio, you are creating an image that is naturally more pleasing to the eye.

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Leading lines refers to a technique of composition where the viewer of your photos attention is drawn to lines that lead to the main subject of the image. A leading line paves an easy path for the eye to follow through different elements of a photo.

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Positive space refers to the objects in the frame.

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Negative space in photography, design, sculpture, etc... is equally as important as is positive space in overall composition. It's all about finding the right balance.

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(of a person or their judgment) not influenced by personal feelings or opinions in considering and representing facts.

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based on or influenced by personal feelings, tastes, or opinions.

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is the process of offering valid and well-reasoned opinions about the work of others, usually involving both positive and negative comments, in a friendly manner rather than an oppositional one.

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the practice of taking someone else's work or ideas and passing them off as one's own.

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a symbol, word, or words legally registered or established by use as representing a company or product.

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Sourcing Agents When Manufacturing Overseas: The Long Version You have a great product that you want to be made in a foreign country about which you know little. What do you do? Do you use a sourcing agent and if you do, how should you pay that agent and what should you have it do?

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relating to moral principles or the branch of knowledge dealing with these.

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Black light photography involves shooting subjects under ultra violet lights and excluding most if not all, visible light. The results are often highly colored and powerful looking images: ... In order to make sure the correct look was created, the make up artists worked under the same UV lights to be used in the shoot.

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Diffusing light means to soften it by reducing glare and harsh shadows. In diffused lighting, subjects will appear to have shadows with very soft edges or no edges at all. Diffused light can bring out the best in your photography subjects by minimizing blemishes and wrinkles.

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Ambient Light traditionally refers to any form of  light that the photographer did not add to their image, and can include both "natural" ambient sunlight, or "artificial" ambient light such as a nearby street light, lamp, or similar.

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The more technical use of the term chiaroscuro is the effect of light modeling in painting, drawing, or printmaking, where three-dimensional volume is suggested by the value gradation of color and the analytical division of light and shadow shapes—often called "shading".

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Silhouette photography is a wonderful way to convey drama, mystery, emotion and mood in a picture. A silhouette is defined as a view of an object or a scene consisting of the outline and a featureless interior, with the silhouetted object usually being black.

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was originally a pair of paintings hinged together. ... In photography the diptych has become a popular format. Pairs of closely associated portraits, images or themed pictures are often used to off-set one another.

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A photographic triptych is a common style used in modern commercial artwork. The photographs are usually arranged with a plain border between them. The work may consist of separate images that are variants on a theme, or may be one larger image split into three.

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The word “pixel” means a picture element. Every photograph, in digital form, is made up of pixels. They are the smallest unit of information that makes up a picture. Usually round or square, they are typically arranged in a 2-dimensional grid.

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Blue hour photography or blue light photography is the process of taking photographs during the time of the day that is known as the blue hour. The blue hour occurs before sunrise in the morning and after sunset in the evening. The sun has dipped a certain amount below the horizon.

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In photography, the golden hour is the period of daytime shortly after sunrise or before sunset, during which daylight is redder and softer than when the Sun is higher in the sky. The opposite period during twilight is blue hour, just before sunrise or after sunset, when indirect sunlight is evenly diffused.

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Image file formats are standardized means of organizing and storing digital images.Image files are composed of digital data in one of these formats that can be rasterized for use on a computer display or printer. An image file format may store data in uncompressed, compressed, or vector formats.

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A camera RAW image is an unprocessed photograph captured with a digital camera. It contains the raw image data captured by the camera's sensor (or CCD), saved in proprietary file format specific to the camera manufacturer. ... Because Camera RAW files are uncompressed, they take up more space than typical JPEG images.

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A .PSD file is a layered image file used in Adobe PhotoShop. PSD, which stands for Photoshop Document, is the default format that Photoshop uses for saving data. PSD is a proprietary file that allows the user to work with the images' individual layers even after the file has been saved.

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JPEG. Stands for "Joint Photographic Experts Group."JPEG is a popular image file format. It is commonly used by digital cameras to store photos since it supports 2 ²⁴ or 16,777,216 colors. The format also supports varying levels of compression, which makes it ideal for web graphics.

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Tagged Image File Format, abbreviated TIFF or TIF, is a computer file format for storing raster graphics images, popular among graphic artists, the publishing industry, and photographers. ... The format was created by Aldus Corporation for use in desktop publishing.

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Automatic exposure mode (also called automatic exposure and abbreviated as AE) is a standard feature on digital cameras that will automatically determine the correct exposure for pictures without any user input other than to select the AE option before taking a picture.

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Manual mode on a camera allows the photographer to determine the exposure of an image by letting them select an aperture value and a shutter speed value. ... These modes give the user control of either aperture or shutter speed, while letting the camera determine the remaining setting for best exposure.

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Aperture priority, often abbreviated A or Av (for aperture value) on a camera mode dial, is a setting on some cameras that allows the user to set a specific aperture value (f-number) while the camera selects a shutter speed to match it that will result in proper exposure based on the lighting conditions

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TV mode stands for Time Value but is better known as Shutter Priority Mode. In TV mode the user specifies a shutter speed, while the camera adjusts the aperture size to correctly expose the image.

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Program mode (the "P" on the mode dial of most DSLRs)means that the camera still sets the exposure for you. It chooses the correct aperture and shutter speed for the light available, so your shot is correctly exposed. Program mode also unlocks other functions that give you more creative control over your images.

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In Digital Photography ISO measures the sensitivity of the image sensor. The same principles apply as in film photography – the lower the number the less sensitive your camera is to light and the finer the grain. ... By choosing a higher ISO you can use a faster shutter speed to freeze the movement.

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Image noise is random variation of brightness or color information in images, and is usually an aspect of electronic noise. It can be produced by the sensor and circuitry of a scanner or digital camera. ... Image noise is an undesirable by-product of image capture that obscures the desired information.

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In photography, ASA and ISO are both measurements of film speed, or sensitivity to light. ASA is a scale created by the American Standards Association, but it is no longer widely used. Now, most film is labeled by ISO, which was created in 1987 by the International Organization for Standardization.

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Film grain or granularity is the random optical texture of processed photographic film due to the presence of small particles of a metallic silver, or dye clouds, developed from silver halide that have received enough photons. ... It can be objectionably noticeable in an over-enlarged photographic film photograph.

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An image sensor is an electronic device that converts an optical image into an electronic signal. It is used in digital cameras and imaging devices to convert the light received on the camera or imaging device lens into a digital image.

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denoting or relating to a camera that combines the optics and mechanisms of a single-lens reflex camera with a digital imaging sensor, rather than photographic film

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a set of data that describes and gives information about other data.

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A thumbnail image is a small image that represents a larger one. Thumbnails are often used to provide snapshots of several images in a single space. They are commonly used by digital photo organization programs as well as visual search engines. ... Digital thumbnails are usually between 75x75 and 200x200 pixels in size.

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SOOC is an abbreviation of the photography term “Straight Out Of Camera”, simply meaning that an image can be good enough to print straight from the camera without further processing.

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Vibration Reduction (VR) is an image stabilization technology that minimizes blur caused by camera shake. ... Nikon VR originates in the lens, not in the image sensor, which means that algorithms optimized to an individual lens are applied.

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Autofocus points are what the camera uses to focus on a subject. You'll probably first notice them when you press the shutter halfway. Many cameras will emit a beep and some of the AF points will light up—often in a red or green color—in the viewfinder or on the display screen.

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In photography, bracketing is the general technique of taking several shots of the same subject using different camera settings. ... Auto bracketing is a feature of many modern cameras. When set, it will automatically take several bracketed shots, rather than the photographer altering the settings by hand between each shot.

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Normally, the vertical bar under the scale, known as the exposure level indicator, predicts a photo's exposure, relative to the standard exposure, taken with the current meter reading and using the current exposure settings. In autoexposure modes, the exposure level indicator stays pegged in the middle.

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Exposure compensation is a technique for adjusting the exposure indicated by a photographic exposure meter, in consideration of factors that may cause the indicated exposure to result in a less-than-optimal image

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Burst mode, also called continuous shooting mode, sports mode or continuous high speed mode, is a shooting mode in still cameras. In burst mode, several photographs are captured in quick succession by either pressing the shutter button or holding it down.

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(Focal-STOP) The f-stop is the "aperture" opening of a camera lens, which allows light to come in. It also determines how much is in focus in front of and behind the subject (see depth of field).

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In optics, an aperture is a hole or an opening through which light travels. More specifically, the aperture and focal length of an optical system determine the cone angle of a bundle of rays that come to a focus in the image plane. An optical system typically has many openings or structures that limit the ray bundles.

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In photography, bokeh is the aesthetic quality of the blur produced in the out-of-focus parts of an image produced by a lens. Bokeh has been defined as "the way the lens renders out-of-focus points of light".

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For many cameras, depth of field is the distance between the nearest and the farthest objects that are in acceptably sharp focus in an image. The depth of field can be calculated based on focal length, distance to subject, the acceptable circle of confusion size, and aperture.

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The focal length of an optical system is a measure of how strongly the system converges or diverges light; it is the inverse of the system's optical power. A positive focal length indicates that a system converges light, while a negative focal length indicates that the system diverges light.

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In photography, shutter speed or exposure time is the length of time when the film or digital sensor inside the camera is exposed to light, also when a camera's shutter is open when taking a photograph. The amount of light that reaches the film or image sensor is proportional to the exposure time

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Bulb Mode is an exposure setting that is used when seeking to use a shutter speed of more than 30 seconds. Generally, this would be used in extremely low light situations, such as taking photos of the night sky.

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Motion blur is the apparent streaking of moving objects in a photograph or a sequence of frames, such as a film or animation. It results when the image being recorded changes during the recording of a single exposure, due to rapid movement or long exposure.

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Camera shake is a term used to define the act of accidentally shaking a camera during shooting due to unsteady hands, which results in blurry images. This generally occurs more often if you're shooting on a low shutter speed or with a heavy lens, and can be avoided by using a tripod and cable release setup.

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Just as the TRI in tripod means three, the MONO in monopod means – you guessed it – one! They are simply a single leg support on which you can mount your camera and/or lens. ... Monopods are perfect for taking the weight of a heavy lens/camera combination to stop aches and pains from a long day of shooting.

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Auto white balance is available in all digital cameras and uses a best guess algorithm within a limited range — usually between 3000/4000 K and 7000 K. Custom white balance allows you to take a picture of a known gray reference under the same lighting, and then set that as the white balance for future photos.

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In photography, the sunny 16 rule (also known as the sunny f/16 rule) is a method of estimating correct daylight exposures without a light meter. ... The basic rule is, "On a sunny day set aperture to f/16 and shutter speed to the [reciprocal of the] ISO film speed [or ISO setting] for a subject in direct sunlight."

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Open shade means your subject is standing in the shade so direct sunlight is not hitting him, but he is looking out of the shade toward the open sky. When it's bright and sunny out, open shade will give you the best photos

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Most photographers know that a cloudy or overcast day produces really soft light that can be flattering on the human face. ... Sometimes Most of the time overcast light is actually pretty boring and removes any and all contrast from your scene

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In photography, Tungsten light refers to an artificial lighting source (like a lamp or ceiling fixture) that emits heat and produce a “warmer” or reddish color. It is distinguished from fluorescent lighting (which generates much lower heat), and strobe lighting.

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The tungsten setting of the digital camera cools down the color temperature in photos. Fluorescent – This mode is used for getting brighter and warmer shots while compensating for the cool shade of fluorescent light. ... This mode helps pick the right White Balance under low light conditions.

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Using a camera flash is an inevitable part of being a photographer, especially since photography is mainly concerned with light.

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Long-exposure, time-exposure, or slow-shutter photography involves using a long-duration shutter speed to sharply capture the stationary elements of images while blurring, smearing, or obscuring the moving elements.

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Time-lapse photography is a technique whereby the frequency at which film frames are captured (the frame rate) is much more spread out than the frequency used to view the sequence. When played at normal speed, time appears to be moving faster and thus lapsing.