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Secondary immune response is the acquired immune response due to primary immune response.

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Secondary immune response is the acquired immune response due to primary immune response.

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What happens when someone refuses to vaccinate?

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What happens when someone refuses to vaccinate?

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Outbreaks, lapses in herd immunity

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How do we determine which vaccines to administer?

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How do we determine which vaccines to administer?

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Based on illnesses which are present in the general population (such as flu, or keeping something eradicated, like polio)

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We want to vaccinate everybody to achieve herd immunity
- Cannot vaccinate an immunosuppressed individual with a live vaccine (or any other susceptible individuals like the old & sick)

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-Maternal antibodies passed to infant prior to birth. Antibodies passed from mother to baby through breast milk
- antivenom
-IVIG

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Immunity that is acquired or given to you via mother or infusion. Protection against disease through antibodies produced by another human being or animal. Passive immunity is effective, but protection is limited and diminished over time.

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For against previously encountered antigens
Response is much quicker than primary

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Active during first encounter with a antigen.
1. Macrophages engulf pathogens and present the MHC
2. B-Cells are activated and produce antibodies
3. Antibodies attach to pathogens and mark them for destruction
4. Memory B-Cells created for future encounters

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- The production of antibodies against a specific disease
- Acquired via contraction of the disease or through vaccination
- Usually permanent
- Protection from pathogens by your own immune system

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B cells make Antibodies
IgG- high after acute phase
IgM-rise during acute phase, then falls
IgA: in secretions and mucus membranes
IgD: antigen receptor on B cell
IgE: allergy

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-Destruction of infectious microorganisms that are resistant to inflammation
-Re-exposure produces a faster, greater, and more prolonged response
-Specific to a particular pathogen
-End products: immunoglobulins and lymphocytes (T cells, B cells)

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Localized swelling, heat, redness, pus, pain, loss of function.

1 - vascular stage (increase of blood flow - vasodilation)
2 - cellular stage (emigration of WBC's from circulation to site of injury or infection)

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T-cells, B-cells, Inflamatory response, fever,

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Skin, linings of gastrointestinal/genitourinary (mucous/cilia), respiratory tract.
Epithelial cell-derived chemical barriers