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The Japanese claimed order had been restored in Nanjing and that there was no need for the Safety Zone, so they removed it and killed many of those people

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The people that were killed by the Japanese included wounded Chinese soldiers, elders and even children who had nothing to do with this.(27)

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Japan announced its surrender on August 15, 1945. After this the people of Nanjing engaged on the investigation of the Japanese prisoners.
(Lianhong, Zhang)

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Machine guns, rifles, and revolvers were used to fire at large groups of people. (27)

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Most Japanese soldiers said they were under orders to feel less guilty of what they were doing to these people.

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On December 13, the Japanese enter the city through breaches in the wall and a few open gates finding no Chinese resistance(53

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The first major conflict between japan and China was the Sino-Japanese war over Korea
(Timmons, Angie, 10)

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The Chinese Civil War turned into a full scale war in 19soon after the Japanese surrender

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The Nationalist government retreated into Taiwan due to the civil war

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Japanese denied the historical authenticity of the Nanjing M

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Nanjing people urged the government to create museums to preserve the truth.

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A citizen said, "In order to let our children have a better sense about what invasion and enslavement mean, why can't Nanjing start building museum and monument as soon as possible?"

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Some survivors accepted many interviews to spread the truth of what was happening.

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Most survivors would really want to wipe the memories of this incident for the rest of their lives

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In the last ten years, many Japanese officials and politicians have denied or haven't accepted responsibility that this incident even happened.

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A Safety zone had been placed in Nanjing were the Japanese were not allowed to go in.

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On September 31, Japanese forces are ordered to begin air raids on Nanjing(53)

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General Tang Shengzi was the one who has to protect Nanjing from the Japanese(53)

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Matsui and his Lieutenant, Tani Hisao were prosecuted for war crimes and were later executed

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Some people claim the number of deaths has been exaggerated and others even deny that this truly happened

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On September 9th, 1945, the Japanese surrender to Chang Kai-Shek in Nanjing(54)

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Many American reporters were present in this atrocity including the New York Times, Chicago Daily News, and Associated Press(39).

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A "collaborating government" was placed as a puppet government from the Japanese(35).

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It happened in Nanjing, China
("Nanjing Massacre.")

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About 100,000 to 300,000 people died.
("Nanjing Massacre.")

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It lasted from December 1937 to January 19
("Nanjing Massacre.")

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The perpetrators were Japanese
("Nanjing Massacre.")

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The victims were soldiers and civilians from Nanjing
("Nanjing Massacre.")

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Many people were killed and raped
("Nanjing Massacre."

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Nanjing is one of the Four Great Ancient Capitals of China
(Timmons, Angie, 30)

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Nanjing is the second largest city in the region after Shanghai
(“Nanjing.”)

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Nanjing has always been known for being a literary and political center.

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The Chinese stopped the Japanese from conquering much of the Pacific and East Asia losing about 20 million lives
(Oliver, Mark)

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17 million casualties from Chinese fighting the Japanese were civilians, not soldiers.

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The rape of Nanjing lasted only 6 week

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This incident started before the Japanese invaded Nanjing; they were already looting houses and killing all captives

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Nanjing suffered many airstrikes before the Japanese conquered it.(27)

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Japan tried all they could to hide the fact that this happened by destroying testimonies and records.(36)

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Bodies were burned to conceal the number of victims  this atrocious crime. (38)

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The first Japanese troops entered Nanjing on December 13, 1937
(Editors, History.com)

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All Japanese soldiers were under the leadership of General Matsui I

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Word had already began spreading of the atrocities the Japanese had made before reaching Nanjing.

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Women were killed through vaginal penetration with bayonets, sticks of bamboo, glass bottles,  and other objects.
(Timmons, Angie, 30)

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Pregnant women were cut open and rape victims were hit with bamboo sticks and bayonets until they were dead.

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At least 1000 rapes occurred each night and many by day
(Timmons, Angie, 30)

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When women were taken out, they were raped 6 or 7 times per day.

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Women were raped by groups of 15-20 soldiers
(Timmons, Angie, 31)

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About 20,000 to 80,000 women were raped and sexually assaulted by Japanese soldiers

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A journalist traveling with the soldiers wrote the army was so powerful moving forward because of the “tacit consent among the officers and men that they could loot and rape as they wish.”

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“So that we will not have any problems on our hands,” one commander told his men, referring to any women they've raped, “either pay them money or kill them in some obscure place after you have finished.”

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A Nanjing woman said that when she was 12 years old, she was raped by three Japanese soldiers while she was trying to protect her grandpa

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Men were forced to rape their daughters and sons their mothers
(Timmons, Angie, 30)

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A Japanese soldier said, “We’d line them up and cut them down, from one end of the line to the other.”

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Japanese soldiers tied Chinese soldiers in groups of five for later bayoneting them and throwing them alive into a bonfire.
(Goldhagen, Daniel Jonah,160)

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57,000 Chinese prisoners were killed while being tied up between a river and the Japanese troops. Japanese opened fire and killed thousands of people. (29)

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Chinese soldiers were hunted down and killed in mass killings left in mass graves to rot

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They once grouped 1,300 prisoners and killed them all with mines or with gasoline.(27)

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On December 19, 1937 many remains were burned and later thrown into the Yangtze River(54).

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Some bodies were buried while others were left to dry in the son.

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A woman recalled "The blood was oozing right beside her mother's breast, while Chang's father was kneeling by the corner of the wall not far from her mother. Unbeknownst to 10-year-old Chang, his father was already dead, and when he grabbed his father to save his mother, the corpse felt to the ground."

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A woman said she could still remember how her father was stabbed to death by Japanese soldiers' bayonets, and how his body fell to her.

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A New York Times reporter on the scene wrote, "I drove down to the waterfront in my car. And to get to the gate I had to just climb over masses of bodies accumulated there... The car just had to drive over these dead bodies."

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There was even a contest to see who could slaughter 100 people with their sword first

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On February 18, 1938, inhabitants of the Safety Zone are ordered to go back to their homes, but the Japanese are still occupying Nanjing. (54)

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On December 20th, the Japanese send a report saying Nanjing was at peace when thousands of rapes and murders were still being carried out. (54)

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A Japanese soldier said, “The Chinese soldiers were so stupid.”

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A Japanese soldier said,
"Afterward, I was often asked whether it was a big deal, and I said it was no big deal."

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The soldiers would kill unarmed, defenseless people just to reach the 100 kill mark

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Japanese general Matsui claimed he was unaware of the mass killings that had occurred under is leadership.

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On December 10, the Japanese begin their attack on the Nanjing walls after the surrender deadline passes(53)