# data[].attributes.headline
TASK - 4.4  Activity 1 - Introduction to the Greenhouse EffectWhat is the greenhouse effect and how is it warming the earth? Watch the video and answer it https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sTvqIijqvTg&feature=emb_logo

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TASK - 4.4  Activity 1 - Introduction to the Greenhouse EffectWhat is the greenhouse effect and how is it warming the earth? Watch the video and answer it https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sTvqIijqvTg&feature=emb_logo

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Essential Idea-Continued availability of carbon in ecosystems depends on carbon cycling.

Learning outcomes:
I can…

1.  State that carbon dioxide is a waste product of aerobic cellular respiration.​

2. State that carbon dioxide diffuses out of cells into the atmosphere or water.

3. Define combustion.

4. State the products of a combustion reaction.

5. State sources of fuel for a combustion reaction.

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Types of structural formulae of organic molecules

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Task - 18/5/2020                 Topic 4.3 Carbon Cycling

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Task - 18/5/2020                 Topic 4.3 Carbon Cycling

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Essential Idea-Continued availability of carbon in ecosystems depends on carbon cycling.

Learning outcomes:
I can…
State the role of photosynthesis in the carbon cycle.

Outline the process that converts CO2 to hydrogen carbonate ion in water, leading to a reduction of the pH in the water.

Describe how in diffusion, molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Objectives:

Developing لنامية: Define autotrophs and heterotrophs.

Securing تأمين :  Describe how autotrophs convert carbon dioxide into carbohydrates and other carbon compounds

Extending   تجاوز : Explain how carbon dioxide diffuses from the atmosphere or water into autotrophs

Challengeالتحدي : Determine how  Carbon dioxide is produced by respiration and diffuses out of organisms into water or the atmosphere

Task 1:
Watch the video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f8G7IulYxiA
Define autotrophs and heterotrophs
Describe how autotrophs convert carbon dioxide into carbohydrates and other carbon compounds

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1.3 Membrane Structure

Essential idea: The structure of biological membranes makes them fluid and dynamic.

IB Learning Objectives:

| 1.3.U1 | Phospholipids form bilayers in water due to the amphipathic properties of phospholipid molecules.
| 1.3.U2 | Membrane proteins are diverse in terms of structure, position in the membrane and function.
| 1.3.U3 | Cholesterol is a component of animal cell membranes.
| 1.3.A1 | Cholesterol in mammalian membranes reduces membrane fluidity and permeability to some solutes.
| 1.3.S1 | Drawing of the fluid mosaic model.
| 1.3.S2 | Analysis of evidence from electron microscopy that led to the proposal of the Davson-Danielli model.
| 1.3.S3 | Analysis of the falsification of the Davson-Danielli model that led to the Singer-Nicolson model.

US   Learning Objectives (NY NGSS):

HS-LS1-2. Develop and use a model to illustrate the hierarchical organization of interacting systems that provide specific
functions within multicellular organisms.

LS1.A: Structure and Function
Systems of specialized cells within organisms help them perform the essential functions of life. (HS-LS1-1)

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Factual question: Is cell membrane selective?

Conceptual question:How do substances move across the cell membrane?

Debatable question: Should models be used to understand a scientific process/ phenomenon? Is it possible to decide which model is the most useful?

Literacy(ELL):
1.  https://quizlet.com/_2lvasg
2. Vocabulary List
3. Use of dictionary/Pictionary

4. Use of translator

Warm-up: Which bag is more like a cell membrane?

Brain Scratcher: What is the role of cell membrane in placenta, air sacs or even intestines?

Task 1: Identify the role of different scientists in modeling the structure of cell membrane.
Look around the room and choose any one picture of cell membrane.

Guiding questions:

Choose any one as per your understanding from the previous lesson and research. (Differentiation)

1.Who proposed this model?

2. What are the features?

3. Use description matrix on Padlet and share.
4.Time line on White board

Task 2:
Take feedback from your peers on their opinions about the evidence. (Communication skills)

Highlight the limitations of the evidence in drawing conclusions about the structure of membranes. Share your results with peers. (Social skills - Collaboration)

Question using Bloom’s wheel (HOTS) and provide feedback.

(Thinking skills- Critical thinking)

For Example:

•How are each of the models supported or undermined by the evidence available at the time?

•What do you think led to each model being devised?

Task 3: Activity Time
Bubble Play

Plenary:
•Burning question wall

•Self-assessment tree

•Exit ticket

•ATL wall

•Progress Traffic lights

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Warm-up: How is a window screen like a cell membrane?

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They both can control what enters and exits the cell

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window allows light, oxygen to enter our classroom same as like cell membrane allows some molecules enter the cell.

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The role of windows are to let the light pass through and to be able to let it open or close in order to refresh the room or not. On the other hand, cell membrane controls everything that enter and go out of it.

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They both let something come throught to a closed structure, in the window's case it's sunlight,  in the Cell membrane's case it's proteins

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Essential Idea-Continued availability of carbon in ecosystems depends on carbon cycling.

Learning outcomes:
I can…

- State that carbon dioxide is a waste product of aerobic cellular respiration.​

-Cells do not need carbon dioxide because carbon dioxide is a waste product of aerobic cellular respiration. Aerobic cellular respiration breaks down glucose and also combines the broken down products with oxygen in order to make water and carbon dioxide.

- State that carbon dioxide diffuses out of cells into the atmosphere or water.

-In diffusion molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration which make the carbon dioxide diffuse from the atmosphere or water into autotrophs.

- Define combustion.

-Combustion is a process of burning. In high temperature there is chemical reaction between a fuel and an oxidant (atmospheric oxygen).

- State the products of a combustion reaction.

- A combustion reaction always includes oxygen and a hydrocarbon  as the reactants and always carbon dioxide and and water as products.

- State sources of fuel for a combustion reaction.

-Sources of fuel for a combustion reaction consist mainly of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen. During combustion they produce: the primary pollutants are Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide, Sulfur, Nitrogen Dioxide, Nitric Oxide, Volatile organic compounds, and Hydrocarbons.

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Some of the sources in the animation are animal respiration, decaying, combustions, and animal and plant deaths, and plant respiration.

Sink; Any vessel that absorbs Carbon.

Sources; Any vessel that releases Carbon.

Examples of sinks include plants, water, and fossil fuels.

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In 1895, Ernest Overton proposed that cell membranes were made of lipids. Charles Ernest Overton (1865–1933) was a British physiologist and biologist. In the last a long time of the 19th century Overton did test work, permitting the distinction to be drawn between the cell wall of plants and their cytoplasmic membrane. In 1900, Overton proposed a bio-membrane demonstrate which expressed that bio-membranes are made up of lipids. He gave this explanation base on observation of transport of lipid solvent substances over the bio-membranes.

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biology homework (gene mutation) (23.3.20)

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biology homework (gene mutation) (23.3.20)

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Starter:                                

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Starter:                                

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Task 1: Description Matrix for your Model researched
1.Who proposed this model?

2. What are the features?

3. Use description matrix on Padlet and share.
4.Time line on White board

# data[].attributes.body
Task 1: Description Matrix for your Model researched
1.Who proposed this model?

2. What are the features?

3. Use description matrix on Padlet and share.
4.Time line on White board

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because it allows certain molecules to pass through the cell

Task 1: Description Matrix for your Model researched
1.Who proposed this model?

2. What are the features?

3. Use description matrix on Padlet and share.
4.Time line on White board

# data[].attributes.body
The mesh bag would be like a cell membrane because it would let molecules go through and/or out of it.

Task 1: Description Matrix for your Model researched
1.Who proposed this model?

2. What are the features?

3. Use description matrix on Padlet and share.
4.Time line on White board

# data[].attributes.body
of plasma membrane of a cell, proposed in 1935.
This model describes a phospholipid bilayer that lies between two layers of proteins.

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Task - 18/5/2020                Topic 4.3 Carbon Cycling

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Task - 18/5/2020                Topic 4.3 Carbon Cycling

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Task 1:
Watch the video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f8G7IulYxiA
Developing لنامية Define: autotrophs and heterotrophs
Autotrophs are known as producers because they are able to make their own food from raw materials and energy. Heterotrophs are known as consumers because they consume producers or other consumers.

Securing تأمين Describe: how autotrophs convert carbon dioxide into carbohydrates and other carbon compounds.

Autotrophs such as all plants and algae, convert carbon dioxide into organic compounds (usually carbohydrate sugars such as glucose), via photosynthesis.

In aquatic ecosystems carbon is present as dissolved carbon dioxide and hydrogen carbonate ions. Carbon dioxide diffuses from the atmosphere or water into autotrophs.

Extending  تجاوز :Determine how Carbon dioxide is produced by respiration and diffuses out of organisms into water or the atmosphere.
During cellular respiration the cell uses oxygen to break down sugar. Breaking down sugar produces the energy your body needs, carbon dioxide is a waste product of aerobic respiration, in humans its what you breath out each time you breath. Therefore, It diffuses out of the cells and into the atmosphere or water.

# data[].attributes.body
https://innoventureseducation-my.sharepoint.com/:w:/g/personal/cas190028_casstudents_com/EfaXAHFJ2-BLmUgPuHKXpSUB536kqjS9-rEvrP507ULOFw?e=5XcXf3

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Advantages:
- Most advanced model
-  Used the electron microscope enabling it to be extremely accurate
- Used a special method in order to observe the membrane proteins
- Used 7A resolution to create an image of the membrane

Drawbacks:
- There is still a possibility that this information could be incorrect
- It was made in 1972 and technology has advanced massively since then

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1. In 1932, Irvine Langmuir won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his investigations on the monolayers that bear his name and proposed it.

2. A Langmuir monolayer is a layer of amphiphilic molecules that forms at the interface between air and water and the thickness of a single molecular length. To form this monolayer, the surfactant molecules must be insoluble in water.

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By the 1950s, cell biologists verified the existence of plasma membranes using electron microscopy (which accounted for higher resolutions). J. David Robertson used this method to propose the unit membrane model. Basically, he suggested that all cellular membranes share a similar underlying structure, the unit membrane. Using heavy metal staining, Robertson's proposal also seemed to agree instantaneously with the Davson-Danielli model. According to the trilaminar pattern of the cellular membrane viewed by Robertson, he suggested that the membranes consist of a lipid bi-layer covered on both surfaces with thin sheets of proteins. This suggestion was a great boost to the proposal of Davson and Danielli. However, even with Robertson's substantiation, the Davson-Danielli model had serious complications, a major one being that the proteins studied were mainly globular and couldn't therefore fit into the model's claim of thin protein sheets.
Advantages:
It was supported greatly by other models, like Davson and danielli's one
Drawbacks:
No protein small enough to be part of a system like this was discovered yet

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Task - 18/5/2020  Topic 4.3: Carbon cycling (Task 1)

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Task - 18/5/2020  Topic 4.3: Carbon cycling (Task 1)

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Developing لنامية : Define autotrophs and heterotrophs.

Ans)

Autotrophs- An autotroph is an organism that feeds itself. The word “autotroph” comes from the root words “auto” for “self” and “troph” for “food.”

Heterotrophs- A heterotroph is an organism that feeds on others.The word “heterotroph” comes from the root words “heteros” for “other” and “troph” for “food.”

Securing تأمين : Describe how autotrophs convert carbon dioxide into carbohydrates and other carbon compounds.

Ans) Autotrophs convert carbon dioxide into carbohydrates and other carbon compounds during photosynthesis. Initially the plant synthesis glucose and then they are converted into organic compounds, such as; starch, lipids and amino acids.

Extending   تجاوز : Explain how carbon dioxide diffuses from the atmosphere or water into autotrophs.

Ans) Some carbon dioxide from the atmosphere dissolves into the water while the other  combine with water to form carbonic acid. Both the dissolved carbon dioxide and hydrogen carbonate ions are absorbed by the autotrophs in water.

Challenge التحدي : Determine how Carbon dioxide is produced by respiration and diffuses out of organisms into water or the atmosphere.

Ans) During cell respiration; which involves the breakdown of organic molecules (e.g. sugars), carbon dioxide is produced as a by-product. The build up of carbon dioxide in a respiring tissues creates a concentration gradient, allowing it to be removed by passive diffusion.
The carbon dioxide removed by the body by passive diffusion is released in the atmosphere/ water around.

# data[].attributes.body
https://quizlet.com/ibbioteacher/43-carbon-cycling-s66k9xn

# data[].attributes.body
Task 1
Research about the task chosen and share

# data[].attributes.headline
Was the range of your Independent variable sufficient 

# data[].attributes.subject
Was the range of your Independent variable sufficient 

# data[].attributes.body
The range of my independent variable was sufficient as the increments went up evenly, and added to acidity of the solution (lowering the pH) substantially from the starting neutral water.

# data[].attributes.headline
Was the range of you independant variable sufficient?

# data[].attributes.subject
Was the range of you independant variable sufficient?

# data[].attributes.body
The range of my independant variable was suficient as the increments were even and they added to the pH of the water, making it more basic in comparison to the initial neutral pH of the water

# data[].attributes.headline
An uncertainty in the instrument error created by parallax and zero error 

# data[].attributes.subject
An uncertainty in the instrument error created by parallax and zero error 

# data[].attributes.body
The mother's stomach and blood has a higher concentration so the nutrients that are needed by the baby is passed through the umbilical chord using ossmossis

# data[].attributes.body
A cell membrane selectively controls what enters and exits the cell depending of the needs of the cell.
The mesh bag represents the cell membrane the best, because it symbolizes a semi-permeable cell that allows certain things to pass without it breaking.

Task 1: Description Matrix for your Model researched
1.Who proposed this model?

2. What are the features?

3. Use description matrix on Padlet and share.
4.Time line on White board

# data[].attributes.headline
by keeping your eye perpendicular to the measurement of the cylinder

# data[].attributes.subject
by keeping your eye perpendicular to the measurement of the cylinder

# data[].attributes.body
and by using tare while measuring mass

# data[].attributes.body
Carbohydrates overview

# data[].attributes.body
Monosaccharides

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
This is the Nature PastCast, each month raiding Nature 's archive and looking at key moments in science. In this show, we're going back to the 1950s.

Music: I've Got the World on a String by Ella Fitzgerald
Voice of Nature: John Howe
From the Editorial and Publishing Offices of Nature, Macmillan and Co., St Martin's Street, London. Nature, April 25 th 1953.

Music: I've Got the World on a String by Ella Fitzgerald
Voice of Nature: John Howe
Page 734, Microsomal particles of normal cow's milk. Page 737, Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid, J. D. Watson and F. H. C. Crick.

Music: I've Got the World on a String by Ella Fitzgerald
Raymond Gosling
Walking into the lab and seeing this double helix, of course, it looked familiar because all of the stator of the dimensions was the stuff that we got from our X-ray diffraction patterns. So, it looked right and it was sheer elegance.

Music: I've Got the World on a String by Ella Fitzgerald
Raymond Gosling
I'm Raymond Gosling, co-author of one of the papers in Nature, 1953, April, on the structure of DNA.

Music: I've Got the World on a String by Ella Fitzgerald
Melinda Baldwin
My name is Melinda Baldwin. I'm a historian of science at the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in Cambridge, Massachusetts. I think a lot of people don't necessarily know that there were three DNA papers instead of just the one, and I think the big reason that the Watson and Crick paper became the one that we do remember is because that's the one where the structure of DNA was published, and I think as a consequence the second two papers have really fallen out a bit of consciousness. The Franklin and Gosling paper was primarily about crystallographic work.
Voice of Nature: John Howe
Page 740, Rosalind E. Franklin and R. G. Gosling, King's College London, Molecular Configuration in Sodium Thymonucleate.
Georgina Ferry
I'm Georgina Ferry. I'm a science writer and author. At the time, X-ray crystallography of large molecules - the sort of molecules that you get in living bodies - was still a very, very small field. It had really started in the 1930s. Everybody was interested in the structure of proteins back in the 30s because nobody thought that DNA could possibly be complicated enough to be the molecule of life. That wasn't really discovered until the mid-40s and then, obviously, it became very important to study its structure.
Raymond Gosling
The only time I could get at the X-ray set in King's, the only one that existed, was in the basement of the chemistry department, and that was below the level of the Thames and I was only allowed to play with it in the evenings.
Georgina Ferry
What you need is an X-ray source, which in those days would have been an X-ray tube. I mean it was a form of technology that was available from the 19 th century but it's a tube full of gas that you run an electric current through and it emits X-rays, and then in order to study your molecule, the thing you're interested in, you have to crystallise it. You surround that, in the early days, with photographic film so that when the X-rays come in, they hit the atoms in the crystal and they're diffracted out and they make spots on the photographic film.
Raymond Gosling
I needed lots of fibres. One would produce the diffraction pattern so weak that you'd never see it, so I wound 35 fibres round a paperclip and then pushed the clip open a bit to make the fibres taught.
Voice of Nature: John Howe
Sodium thymonucleate fibres give two distinct types of X-ray diagram. The first corresponds to a crystalline form, structure A. At higher humidities, a different structure, structure B, appears.
Raymond Gosling
And the best structure B pattern we ever got is photo 51, which I took and was called 51 because that was the 51 st photograph that we'd taken, Rosalind and I, in our efforts to sort out this A and B difference.
Melinda Baldwin
It's a really beautiful photo. It's very crisp, it's very clean, it's got this really neat 'X' shape, and apparently if you know something about crystallography, this photo just screams helix.
Georgina Ferry
What is puzzling, I think is still puzzling, is why they didn't pursue that photograph once they had it.
Raymond Gosling
Now, Rosalind was absolutely determined that there was so much information in structure A's diffraction pattern that was what she wanted to do and therefore put this photo 51 on one side and said we'll come back to that. I only wish I'd been able to plug the value of looking at structure B as well as Structure A.

Ella Fitzgerald - I've Got the World on a String
Melinda Baldwin
So, Rosalind Franklin was working with Maurice Wilkins but the two of them had a pretty bad working relationship. Apparently, Franklin thought that she was being brought to King's College London as an independent investigator who would be in charge of her own research. Wilkins thought that she was being brought in as an assistant, and eventually the relationship grew so fraught that Franklin stopped showing him her data, and she was planning on moving to Birkbeck College. Somehow, Wilkins got a copy of photo 51.
Raymond Gosling
I took it down the corridor and gave it to him because it had reached the stage now when Rosalind was going to leave, so she suggested that I go down the corridor and give this beautiful structure B pattern, this photo 51, to Maurice. Maurice couldn't believe it when I offered it to him. He couldn't believe that I hadn't stolen it from her desk. He didn't think that she could ever offer him something as interesting as this. He'd only had it for two or three days when Watson chipped up.
Melinda Baldwin
He showed it to James Watson when James came down to visit him and to chat a little bit about DNA.
Raymond Gosling
Who of course knew what a helical diffraction pattern would look like because Crick had two years previously published a theoretical paper of what the diffraction pattern of a helix would look like.
Melinda Baldwin
Watson's got this great passage in The Double Helix where he said my pulse sped up and my heart began to race because he looked at this photo and realised immediately that DNA was helical and that he knew what size the turns had to be. So, this photo contained all of the information that he needed to build the model that he and Crick ended up being famous for.

Ella Fitzgerald - I've Got the World on a String
Voice of Nature: John Howe
We wish to suggest a structure for the salt of deoxyribose nucleic acid (D. N. A). This structure has two helical chains, each coiled round the same axis.
Georgina Ferry
So, it was pretty out of order for Watson and Crick to start working on DNA because they knew full well that Maurice Wilkins was working on it at King's and subsequently Rosalind Franklin joined him there and she was also working on it. But it was King's' problem, and there was very much a sort of unspoken gentleman's agreement - it would be understood that a particular group or lab was working on one problem and you wouldn't then go and do that one.
Raymond Gosling
You didn't go to work on another man's problem, especially if he'd got a whole team working on it.
Melinda Baldwin
In the Watson and Crick paper, it's not credited. Watson and Crick say they were stimulated by a general knowledge of the unpublished results of Wilkins and Franklin.
Voice of Nature: John Howe
We have been stimulated by a knowledge of the general nature of the unpublished experimental results and ideas of Dr Wilkins, Dr Franklin and...
Melinda Baldwin
But they don't cite photo 51 specifically and then Franklin and Gosling, in their paper, say this photo clearly supports the model that Watson and Crick had put forth.
Raymond Gosling
Rosalind's reaction was, I think, typical of Rosalind. She wasn't furious or didn't use the word 'scooped'. What she actually said was we all stand on each other's shoulders. We had this second-, third-prize feeling that we were within a millimetre or two of the right answer ourselves.
Melinda Baldwin
So, Watson and Crick had their paper ready to go. They had the structure solved. They wanted to publish it in Nature. Apparently, John Randall, the uber-head of the Kings College London Laboratory, was a member of The Athenaeum, the British social club in London, and so was L. J. F. Brimble, then one of the co-editors of Nature. So, apparently, Brimble approached Randall to say well, we've got this paper under consideration, don't you want the King's work represented as well? And I think Watson and Crick and Wilkins had already agreed that they would publish two papers side-by-side. Wilkins sort of knew that his work was going to be outshone by Watson and Crick, but he certainly wanted it published. And then apparently after the two of them had agreed to publish the two papers together, Rosalind Franklin said, well, I want a paper on the crystallographic work that Ray Gosling and I did in there as well, and so it was really by conversation by the editors and the heads of the laboratories that the editors agreed to print these paper as quickly as possible. So, famously, the three DNA papers were not peer-reviewed. I think that was quite typically for the Brimble-and-Gale editorship, that they placed a lot of trust in particular laboratory heads and particular friends in the British scientific community and so if Laurence Bragg said that something was good and important, they were going to print it.
Georgina Ferry
There wasn't a huge fuss made, even within science, about the DNA structure until probably the early 60s when the code began to be cracked because obviously - as Watson and Crick famously said -

It has not escaped our notice that the specific pairing we have postulated immediately suggests a possible copying mechanism for the genetic material.
Georgina Ferry
But the actual code wasn't cracked until the early 60s, and that was when the power of this discovery really started to make a big difference.

Music: I've Got the World on a String by Ella Fitzgerald

Elsewhere in Nature, Page 757, Appointments vacant. Physicists wanted for fundamental research on felt and applied research of the felt-making industry, The British Hat and Allied Felt-makers Research Association, Manchester.

Music: I've Got the World on a String by Ella Fitzgerald

Page 716, Department of Scientific and Industrial Research UK, The gross expenditure of the department was £5.5 million as against £5 million in the previous year.
Georgina Ferry
The climbing of Mount Everest and the coronation of the Queen and all these things came together so that '53 in that lab was seen as an almost miraculous time.
Raymond Gosling
Everywhere you looked you could see that it fitted a double helix. It was uncanny. It just screamed at you. I've often asked how long would it have been before we as a group saw that and I really don't know the answer to that. It was a stroke of genius on his part.

Music: I've Got the World on a String by Ella Fitzgerald

Nature. Annual subscription £6. Payable in advance. Postage paid to any part of the world.
Kerri Smith
The Nature PastCast was produced by me, Kerri Smith, with contributions from Raymond Gosling, writer Georgina Ferry and historian Melinda Baldwin. In episode two of this twelve-part series on the history of science, we're heading back to the 1980s.

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This is the Nature PastCast, each month raiding Nature 's archive and looking at key moments in science. In this show, we're going back to the 1950s. Music: I've Got the World on a String by Ella Fitzgerald Voice of Nature: John Howe From the Editorial and Publishing Offices of Nature, Macmillan and Co., St Martin's Street, London.

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FRanklin

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Mutations

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Refer to the PowerPoint above

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=143&v=GTiOETaZg4w&feature=emb_logo

https://www.bioknowledgy.info/34-inheritance.html

# data[].attributes.body
4.3 Carbon Cycling
Essential Idea - Continued availability of carbon in ecosystems depends on carbon cycling.
IB
4.3.U1 Autotrophs convert carbon dioxide into carbohydrates and other carbon compounds.

4.3.U2 In aquatic ecosystems carbon is present as dissolved carbon dioxide and hydrogen carbonate ions.

4.3.U3 Carbon dioxide diffuses from the atmosphere or water into autotrophs.

4.3.U4 Carbon dioxide is produced by respiration and diffuses out of organisms into water or the atmosphere.

4.3.U9 Carbon dioxide is produced by the combustion of biomass and fossilized organic matter.

4.3.A1 Estimation of carbon fluxes due to processes in the carbon cycle.

4.3.A2 Analysis of data from air monitoring stations to explain annual fluctuations.

4.3.S1 Construct a diagram of the carbon cycle.

US

Big Ideas

HS-LS2-1. Use mathematical and/or computational representations to support explanations of biotic and abiotic factors that affect carrying capacity of ecosystems at different scales.

HS-LS2-6. Evaluate the claims, evidence, and reasoning that the complex interactions in ecosystems maintain relatively consistent numbers and types of organisms in stable conditions, but changing conditions may result in a new ecosystem.

Disciplinary Core Ideas

LS2.B: Cycles of Matter and Energy Transfer in Ecosystems

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration (including anaerobic processes) provide most of the energy for life processes. (HS- LS2-3)

(NYSED) When matter is cycled through organisms and ecosystems, some of the matter reacts to release energy for life functions, some is stored in newly made structures, and some is eliminated as waste. (HS-LS2-4)

(NYSED) Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are important components of the carbon cycle, in which carbon is exchanged among the biosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere,and geosphere through chemical, physical, geological, and biological processes. (HS-LS2-5)
LS1.C: Organization for Matter and Energy Flow in Organisms

The process of photosynthesis converts light energy to stored chemical energy by converting carbon dioxide plus water into sugars plus released oxygen. (HS-LS1-5)

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test

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Task - 18/5/2020                 Topic 4.3 Carbon Cycling

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Task - 18/5/2020                 Topic 4.3 Carbon Cycling

# data[].attributes.body
Objectives:

Developing لنامية : Define autotrophs and heterotrophs.

-Autotrophs: Organisms that can produce their own food. They use materials from inorganic sources.

-Heterotrophs: Organism that cannot produce its own food. Get its nutritions from other sources (mainly plant or animal matter).

Securing تأمين :  Describe how autotrophs convert carbon dioxide into carbohydrates and other carbon compounds

-In aquatic ecosystems carbon is present in the form of hydrogen carbonate ions, which is formed when water and carbon dioxide combine to form carbonic acid which produces hydrogen carbonate ions. They also uses sun and oxygen.

Extending   تجاوز : Explain how carbon dioxide diffuses from the atmosphere or water into autotrophs

Methane is produced from organic matter in anaerobic conditions by methanogenic archaeans and some diffuses into the atmosphere or accumulates in the ground. Methane is oxidised to carbon dioxide and water in the atmosphere.

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Task - 18/5/2020                             Topic 4.3; Carbon cycling

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Task - 18/5/2020                             Topic 4.3; Carbon cycling

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(Developing) Define autotrophs and heterotrophs.
a) Autotrophs are organisms that can produce their own food through, inorganic sources like sunlight or other chemicals to get energy.

Heterotrophs, on the other hand, are organisms that cannot produce their own food, and so they consume other organisms in order to get energy.

(Securing) Describe how autotrophs convert carbon dioxide into carbohydrates and other carbon compounds.
a) autotrophs like plants, use a process known as phtosynthesis, in which they use the energy from the sun to convert water and carbon-dioxide into glucose and release oxygen as a byproduct. These carbon compounds are later broken down further, in a process known as respiration, in which they release carbon-dioxide into the atmosphere continuing the cycle (carbon cycle).

(Exceeding) Explain how carbon dioxide diffuses from the atmosphere or water into autotrophs.
a) In the case of autotrophs diffusing CO2 from the atmosphere, most plants absorb them through the top layer of their leafs, in an area called the stomata. It strictly depends on the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere, as if the concentration of CO2 is higher outside the plant leaf, CO2 will move into the plant, and if the concentration is higher on the inside of the plant leaf, the plant releases more CO2. This process is known as diffusion.

b) In the case of aquatic ecosystems, the CO2 from the atmosphere first dissolves, in the water. Some CO2 is absorbed by aquatic organims while the other CO2 then reacts with the water to form Carbonic acid, which then dissociates to from hydrogen carbonate ions, which attributes to the ph of water (making it more acidic), and can then also be absorbed and utilized by the various aquatic organisms.

(Challenge) Determine how CO2 is produced by respiration and diffuses out of organisms into water or the atmosphere.
a) During the processes of cellular respiration, organic compounds like glucose are broken down into simpler compounds in order to release energy, through this process CO2 is also released. But in order to reach the atmosphere, the concentration of CO2 must be greater than is outside the given tissue, so that diffusion may occur (moment of molecules from an area of higher higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

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Essential Idea-Continued availability of carbon in ecosystems depends on carbon cycling.

Learning outcomes:
I can…

1.  State that carbon dioxide is a waste product of aerobic cellular respiration.​

2. State that carbon dioxide diffuses out of cells into the atmosphere or water.

3. Define combustion.

4. State the products of a combustion reaction.

5. State sources of fuel for a combustion reaction.

Answers in worksheet.

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Objectives:

Developing لنامية : Define autotrophs and heterotrophs.

-Autotrophs: Organisms that can produce their own food.
-Heterotrophs: Organism that cannot produce its own food.

Securing تأمين :  Describe how autotrophs convert carbon dioxide into carbohydrates and other carbon compounds

-In aquatic ecosystems carbon is present in the form of hydrogen carbonate ions, which produces hydrogen carbonate ions. They also use sun and oxygen.

Extending   تجاوز : Explain how carbon dioxide diffuses from the atmosphere or water into autotrophs

Methane is produced from organic matter in anaerobic conditions by methanogenic archaeans and some diffuses into the atmosphere or accumulates in the ground. Methane is oxidised to carbon dioxide and water in the atmosphere.

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Standards/Learning Objective:

IB Learning Objectives:
4.3.A1: Estimation of carbon fluxes due to processes in the carbon cycle.

4.3.S1: Construct a diagram of the carbon cycle.

US   Learning Objectives (NY NGSS):

HS-LS2-6. Evaluate the claims, evidence, and reasoning that the complex interactions in ecosystems maintain relatively consistent numbers and types of organisms in stable conditions, but changing conditions may result in a new ecosystem.

Essential Idea- Continued availability of carbon in ecosystems depends on carbon cycling.

Vocabulary

•Carbon,

•Carbon Cycle,

•Flux,

•Sink,

•Source
Learning Outcomes:

Developing لنامية:  Identify sources and sinks in ecosystem.

Securing:تأمين  D escribe the movement of carbon though two or more processes that would store carbon for thousands or millions of years.

Exceeding: جاوز :Construct a diagram carbon cycle and/or explain the process by which a carbon sink becomes a carbon source

Extending: Suggest the process which has the greatest carbon flux.

Challenge: Create a Combating Climate Change manual that could be distributed to parents and/or throughout the school via emai

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Task 1- Watch the animation http://www.kscience.co.uk/animations/carbon_cycle.htm

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G11 BIO  Week 3-(20th May 2020) worksheet

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Write the name of two small things you do every day that can either enhance or combat climate change.

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What are the sources of carbon in the animation?

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What are the sources of carbon in the animation?

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Some of the sources of carbon in this animation are dead material, the decomposition of them, such as corpses, the respiration of plants

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Sources of Carbon:
-Green plants

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Photosynthesis and respiration are sources which carbon moves from one reservoir to another.

sink is where carbon is stored.

source is way of moving carbon from one form to other.

example of source is diffusion and feeding.
Another example of sinks are living plants.

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Sink are those materials that store carbon, whereas source are those materials that release carbon into the atmosphere

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Sink: they absorb carbon / Source: they release carbon. Example= forest fires, respiration

1.    Application

Explain the process by which a carbon sink becomes a carbon source.

When you use it to release carbon a carbon sink becomes a carbon source. A sink is burnt and in the form of co2 the carbon is released.

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1 Identify/ Define sources and sinks

Sink are those materials that store carbon, whereas source are those materials that release carbon into the atmosphere

4 Arrange sources and sinks in two columns.

| Sources | Sinks
| Candle | Green plant
| Volcanoes | Fossil fuel
| Respiration |  Humans

7 Describe the movement of carbon though two or more processes that would store carbon for thousands or millions of years.

When carbon is trapped in ocean sediments, or fossil fuels, it is stored for millions of years.

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Today, I learnt of the importance of carbon, and its use and units in Carbon cycles

To improve, I could construct a carbon cycle in order to better my understanding of the effects of having an excess in sinks as apposed to sources.

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What is the greenhouse effect and how is it warming the earth?

- The greenhouse effect is the process of radiation from the planet's atmosphere that warms the planet's surface (it worms the Earth) to a temperature that is above what it would be without the atmosphere. When the Sun's energy reaches the Earth's atmosphere, some of it is reflected back to space and the rest is absorbed and re-radiated by greenhouse gases. This heat trapping is the greenhouse effect, just as too little greenhouse gas makes Earth too cold, too much greenhouse gas makes Earth too warm. The main greenhouse gases are: water vapor (H2O), (CO2)carbon dioxide, methane (CH4), nitrous oxide(N20), ozone (03)...

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The greenhouse effect, is a process, by which the Sun's radiation (in the form of heat), are able to be trapped in the Earth's atmosphere, through the use of various molecules (Greenhouse gases) like CO2 (Carbon dioxide) and CH4 (methane), who's charges are unevenly distributed, and can thereby reflect the Sun's rays. When the sun's rays (in the form of short and long wavelengths) hits Earth, around 75% of this radiation is lost, despite this, the green house gases are able to reflect 25% of this radiation, retaining the heat, like that of a blanket, thus keeping the Earth warm. The higher the concentration of the greenhouse gases, the higher the fluctuations of heat on Earth, with some areas getting significantly hotter, and others significantly colder.

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What is the greenhouse effect and how is it warming the earth?

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What is the greenhouse effect and how is it warming the earth?

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The greenhouse effect is a process that occurs when gases in Earth's atmosphere trap the Sun's heat. This process makes Earth much warmer than it would be without an atmosphere. The greenhouse effect is one of the things that makes Earth a comfortable place to live.
The greenhouse effect works like this; gases in the atmosphere, such as carbon dioxide, trap heat just like a glass roof of a greenhouse. These heat-trapping gases are called greenhouse gases.During the day, the Sun shines through the atmosphere. Earth's surface warms up in the sunlight. At night, Earth's surface cools, releasing heat back into the air. But some of the heat is trapped by the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. That's what keeps our Earth a warm and cozy (14 degrees Celsius in an average).

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What is the greenhouse effect and how does it warm the earth?

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What is the greenhouse effect and how does it warm the earth?

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The greenhouse effect is the process by which radiation from The earth's atmosphere warms the planet's surface to a temperature above what it would be without this atmosphere. It warms the earth because certain gases in the atmosphere are charged in a way that makes them absorb the energy from the rediating earth and throw it back to the surface

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4.4  Activity 1 - Introduction to the Greenhouse Effect

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4.4  Activity 1 - Introduction to the Greenhouse Effect

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What is the greenhouse effect and how is it warming the earth?
Green house effect is the process when the radiation from the sun gets trapped at the earth atmosphere, therefore, the surface of the planet gets warmer and thicker. Carbon dioxide (CO₂) and other greenhouse gases act like a blanket in the atmosphere, they trap radiation and prevent it from going into outer space. That's what keeps the earth warm at approximately 15 degree celsius.