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punishable by exactly one year or less

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a crime punishable by death or imprisonment in excess of one year.

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the person or group who is accusing another person or group of some wrongdoing.

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in criminal cases, is the person accused of the crime. In civil matters, the defendant is the person or entity that is being sued. In some states, or in certain types of actions, the defendant is called the respondent.

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A federal civil case involves a legal dispute between two or more parties.

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a legal doctrine that obligates courts to follow historical cases when making a ruling on a similar case.

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an opinion in a legal case in certain legal systems written by one or more judges expressing disagreement with the majority opinion of the court which gives rise to its judgment.

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a written opinion by one or more judges of a court which agrees with the decision made by the majority of the court, but states different (or additional) reasons as the basis for his or her decision.

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judicial opinion agreed to by more than half of the members of a court.

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a written legal document used in various legal adversarial systems that is presented to a court arguing why one party to a particular case should prevail.

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a list of cases in court for trial, or the names of the parties who have cases pending

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a body of law which defines the role, powers, and structure of different entities within a state, namely, the executive, the parliament or legislature, and the judiciary; as well as the basic rights of citizen

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The principle by which courts can declare acts of either the executive branch or the legislative branch unconstitutional.

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a principle or rule established in a previous legal case that is either binding on or persuasive for a court or other tribunal when deciding subsequent cases with similar issues or facts.

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a view or judgment formed about something, not necessarily based on fact or knowledge.

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place (a defendant) on bail or in custody, especially when a trial is adjourned.

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the power of a higher court to review and revise a lower court's decision.

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the part of the judicial system that is responsible for hearing and reviewing appeals from legal cases that have already been heard in a trial-level or other lower court.

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The power of a court to hear a case first, before and other court.

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a trial court that has jurisdiction over certain cases within a specific judicial district.

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the ability to exercise judicial review by different courts at the same time, within the same territory, and over the same subject matter, such as state and federal courts having the same jurisdiction

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Power of a court to adjudicate a case to the exclusion of all other courts.

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the extent or range of judicial, law enforcement, or other authority

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the area of jurisdiction of a federal court of appeals.