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Definition-Values are principles of significant importance or worth. Values will differ depending on our personal development and circumstances.
Some examples include:

·      Friendship

·      Financial wealth

·      Education

·      Independence

·      Romantic love

·      Social status

An example in the documentary King of Kong is Billie Mitchell who value gaming and winning at all costs.

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Definition- the style or category of a text
genre of form and structure- a broad category of text such as feature film, novel, documentary

genre of subject matter- a narrower category that the broad genre branches into sub- categories such as horror, dystopia, fantasy and romance

king of kong- genre of documentary
sub- genre - humour, competitive esports, video game genre

sicko- genre of documentary
sub- genre- informative, humour, political cinema, drama

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Definition: an outlook or specific feeling about something. Our values underlie our attitudes. Attitudes can be expressed by what we do, say and wear.

You can think of attitudes as opinions or viewpoints, particular tones, reaction, disposition or feeling towards a subject matter

The creator of a text does not always support the attitudes presented in a text

The attitudes of people or characters can be constructed to contrast, challenge or align with the attitudes of wider society

Attitudes are based off values, for example, if you value gender equality you have the attitude that both men and women have the equal right to education

Examples of attitudes: critical, apathetic, urgent, indifferent, bitter, concerned, solemn, optimistic, selfish, irresponsible, caring, condescending, sceptical, ambitious, considerate, mature, determined, hopeful, regretful, insincere, thoughtless

Sicko: a concerned attitude towards the American healthcare system is constructed in the film, and healthcare corporations are portrayed to hold heartless attitudes towards the American population

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To represent something is to re-present it. Places, people, ideas, issues and subjects are all re-presented by text creators to convey their preferred meaning to the audience. A text creators representations are only ever versions or interpretations of reality.

For example, climate change could be represented as:
1) Being the greatest environmental threat facing humanity.
2) Being a significant economic problem for the Western World.
3) Being a natural phenomenon that isn't influenced by humanity.

In 'King of Kong', Billy Mitchell is represented as an arrogant and manipulative individual who seeks to heighten his level of stardom at the expense of others.

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Definition:

Interpretations of a text are the meanings made from the text.

What influences interpretation of texts?

As interpretations have a broad range of contextual factors, different meanings can be made from a single text. Some influences of interpretation are:

- Personal context of the audience.

- Expectations of genre or text type (previous experiences and predictions).

- Purpose and function of the text.

- Cultural, political, religious or psychological factors impacting creator and audience.

- Values and attitudes of audience or creator.

- Structural, language, generic and stylistic features that construct the text.

- Themes, ideas, issues and concepts explored in the text.

- Inclusions, omissions, emphases and marginalisations in a text.

*There is no one way or correct way to interpret a text.

Interpretations in ‘Sicko’:

·      Personal context of the audience- as a viewer from Australia where our healthcare system is considered to be more socialised than that of America, we interpret Moore’s portrayal of the US healthcare system as unjust, unfair and inhumane.

·      Expectations of genre or text type- through being familiar with Moore’s liberal views and biased works, we expect the piece to be propaganda of sorts rather than impartial judgement on an issue.

·      Purpose and function of the text- through an understanding of the purpose of documentaries to be to inform, educate and persuade, we interpret the text as a persuasive piece aimed at educating the audience on the negatives of healthcare in the US.

·      Cultural, political, religious or psychological factors impacting creator and audience- American capitalist culture and fear of socialism, changes and new legislation concerning medicines and socialised health care.

·      Values and attitudes of audience or creator- Liberal anarchist who opposes the government and society.

·      Structural, language, generic and stylistic features that construct the text.

·      Themes, ideas, issues and concepts explored in the text- the ideas that the US system is unjust and unfair is expressed.

·      Inclusions, omissions, emphases and marginalisations in a text- various examples of people struggling as a result of the system- having to choose which finger to have cut off.

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Def': An important topic or problem for debate or discussion.

The centralised issue within the film is the surreptitious nature of the 'empire' which Billy Mitch-hill has erected throughout his gaming career, as well as the way he goes about amassing his winnings and accolades. The workings of Billy are starkly contrasted by the lifestyle of Steve Wiebe. A man of sheer integrity, insatiable in maintaining his honest and sincere approach to getting things done on his quest to become the 'King of Kong'. In turn the main issue is discrepancy in outcomes for two very different people.

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Context definition : The environment in which a text is responded to or created.

This is often referred to as the context of reception (the audience) and the context of production (the author). There are a few types of context being “the general social, historical and cultural conditions in which a text is responded to and responded to in”(context of culture), and “the specific features of its immediate environment” (context of situation).The context of situation is embedded within the context of culture. It is simply an instance of the context of culture at work. Context of situation focuses on specific details, while context of culture is a much more broad view of the influences on a person.

Context of situation : the specific environment or event in which meanings are shared; the time place and purpose of the event; subject matter; mode of delivery; relational aspects between author and audience of a text.

Context of culture : Social, political, historical and religious context. Background influences and values of creator. I.e. ideologies at time of production and reception, shared meanings and assumptions; broad system of communication.

Sicko - context of reception - in America there is a heavy resistance to anything that even remotely resembles communism or socialism, even though the health care system is neither the Americans regard it as such.

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Voice(How to incorporate voice in sentences practice): Voice (also seen as POV or tone): Death employs a sombre and confused voice when discussing human nature and behaviours within The Book Thief.  Although persecuted by his community Jasper Jones's defiance and unwillingness to admit to guilt act as a voice of justice when he faces discrimination; advocating for aboriginal rights in a serious, aggressive and rebellious tone.  Voice demonstrates the understanding of the persona, role, character or tone adopted by the author in constructing their text Voice establishes the 'sound' or 'speaker' - sense of personality evident Voice establishes the level of intimacy between narrator an reader influencing authenticity and effect of the voice (consider choice of character for narrator)  Construction of voice achieves:Purpose Appealing to specific target audience Reflecting Resisting particular context Shaping response of reader Voice is influenced by: Narrative point of view Language choices Style Tone Genre  Discussion of Voice may require the discussion of:Perspective Persona Context POVTone Language/styleGenre  Tone is vital in discussing voice. (tone and attitudes can use identical adjectives) e.g. critical, patronising, belittling, sensual, energetic, sarcastic and aggressive Tone of voice is largely conveyed through style of writing such as Syntax Diction Punctuation Figurative languageLanguage conventions Stylistic Choices  Try to assess whether the voice works harmoniously with the genre or resists the expectations associated with it  Relationship between Voice and Perspective *Voice is used to construct and convey perspective and is often associated with values and attitudes  Perspective > language and stylistic features > voice  Multiple VoicesMultiple Voices highlight different perspectives Multiple Voices: these are views, positions, ideas and perspective of other individuals or groups. Recognising various voices in a text and how they relate to one another - how authors use this to shape audience response.   Most text will give perspectives from multiple opposing characters to create conflict or tension.  Interviews and personal accounts also offer insight into others 'voice' and perspective creating multiple voices within a text. Connection Within King of Kong: Steve is admirable portrayed to be the underdog and therefore has a respectful, caring and fun-loving voice. Billy is portrayed negatively as he is created to have an egotistical and narcissistic voice. 

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Voice(How to incorporate voice in sentences practice): Voice (also seen as POV or tone): Death employs a sombre and confused voice when discussing human nature and behaviours within The Book Thief.  Although persecuted by his community Jasper Jones's defiance and unwillingness to admit to guilt act as a voice of justice when he faces discrimination; advocating for aboriginal rights in a serious, aggressive and rebellious tone.  Voice demonstrates the understanding of the persona, role, character or tone adopted by the author in constructing their text Voice establishes the 'sound' or 'speaker' - sense of personality evident Voice establishes the level of intimacy between narrator an reader influencing authenticity and effect of the voice (consider choice of character for narrator)  Construction of voice achieves:Purpose Appealing to specific target audience Reflecting Resisting particular context Shaping response of reader Voice is influenced by: Narrative point of view Language choices Style Tone Genre  Discussion of Voice may require the discussion of:Perspective Persona Context POVTone Language/styleGenre  Tone is vital in discussing voice. (tone and attitudes can use identical adjectives) e.g. critical, patronising, belittling, sensual, energetic, sarcastic and aggressive Tone of voice is largely conveyed through style of writing such as Syntax Diction Punctuation Figurative languageLanguage conventions Stylistic Choices  Try to assess whether the voice works harmoniously with the genre or resists the expectations associated with it  Relationship between Voice and Perspective *Voice is used to construct and convey perspective and is often associated with values and attitudes  Perspective > language and stylistic features > voice  Multiple VoicesMultiple Voices highlight different perspectives Multiple Voices: these are views, positions, ideas and perspective of other individuals or groups. Recognising various voices in a text and how they relate to one another - how authors use this to shape audience response.   Most text will give perspectives from multiple opposing characters to create conflict or tension.  Interviews and personal accounts also offer insight into others 'voice' and perspective creating multiple voices within a text. Connection Within King of Kong: Steve is admirable portrayed to be the underdog and therefore has a respectful, caring and fun-loving voice. Billy is portrayed negatively as he is created to have an egotistical and narcissistic voice. 