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Tropical storms (hurricanes, typhoons and cyclones) are intense storms that form between the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn.

Tropical storms can damage infrastructure like roads and ports. How could this affect healthcare?

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Diseases carried by mosquitoes, like malaria, spread in hot, wet conditions. This means that they are common between the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn.

If many people in a country catch tropical diseases like malaria, how will their income change? How might this affect calorie intake?

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Incidence refers to the number of new malaria infections per 1,000 people at risk.

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HICs have with their own common diseases. Heart disease is more common in HICs because people can afford to eat lots more food and lots of unhealthy food. It is called a "disease of affluence" because it is associated with HICs.

However, HICs are better able to treat diseases. Why? Does this mean that diseases of affluence do not significantly limit the development of HICs?

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Businesses in LICs often do not have much money to spend.

Meanwhile, businesses in HICs use profits to pay for technology.

How can technology help a country gain more income?

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Using technology, HICs are able to manufacture goods, like cars or electronics. Manufactured goods are often high value, so selling them makes a large profit.

Meanwhile, businesses in LICs are forced to sell low value raw materials like metal ore or crops.

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Colonialism is when one country takes control of another country.

From 1750 to 1950, Britain and France took control of places in Africa and Asia. Before this, Spain and Portugal had taken control of places in South America.

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Sierra Leone is a country in West Africa. Its GNI per capita is $480, the fourth lowest in the world.

Between 1808 and 1961 it was part of the British Empire. However, Britain did not use its wealth to help the country develop. Instead, Britain took raw materials from Sierra Leone so it could manufacture goods itself.

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This map shows railways in Sierra Leone. They were built by the British Government when it controlled the country.

Which places do they connect? Why only these places?

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Diamonds are prevalent in Sierra Leone. During colonialism, British businesses mined the diamonds, paying local people very little. Trains carried the diamonds to Freetown, where they could be exported to Britain to manufacture jewellery, making large profits.

Not much has changed. European businesses mine diamonds and send them straight to Freetown for export. This means that wealth was and still is being taken out of the country instead of being collected by Sierra Leoneans.

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Raw materials are low in value because businesses in HICs want to pay as little as possible for them to keep their profits high.

This means that LIC Governments compete with each other to offer the most convenient trade deal, putting their businesses at an advantage. However, this means that they gain little from one-sided, unfair trade deals.

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An interactive visualization from Our World in Data.

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The Atlantic slave trade: What too few textbooks told you - Anthony Hazard