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Human Papillomavirus, known as HPV, is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the Unites States. It is a viral infection that commonly causes skin or mucous membrane growths (warts). There are many types of HPV, some types can cause health problems including genital warts and cancers. It is spread by having vaginal, anal, or oral sex with someone who has the virus.
Other factors that may put someone at an increased risk for HPV infection include:

increased number of sexual partners

unprotected vaginal, oral, or anal sex

a weakened immune system

having a sexual partner that has HPV

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HPV is caused by a small, non-enveloped deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) virus that infects skin or mucosal cells.

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Most people with Human papillomavirus don't have any symptoms, sometimes it can cause warts or cancer. It can be passed even when an infected person has no signs or symptoms. Usually, the body's immune system defeats an HPV infection before it creates warts. Although, when warts do appear, they vary in appearance depending on which type of HPV is involved.

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When the body cannot get rid of an HPV infection, it can linger over time and turn normal cells into abnormal cells and then cancer. The cell changes are called precancers and may eventually develop into cancer if they are not found and removed in time. Around 10% of women with HPV infection on their cervix will develop long-lasting infections putting them at risk for cancer.

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The different warts that come from this infection vary from genital warts, common warts, plantar warts, and flat warts. These all appear different and are located in in different locations on the body. The image attached is an example of plantar warts.

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Most babies who develop HPV in the womb will clear the virus on their own without any long-term problems. Since HPV is passed through skin-to-skin contact, not bodily fluids, it is harder to spread to newborns. Although, a mom can transmit the virus to her baby during birth. When passed to a baby a serious condition called recurrent respiratory papillomatosis may occur, where the baby develops growths in their airway.

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There is no treatment for the virus itself, but there are treatments for the health problems that HPV can cause. Genital warts can be treated by a healthcare provider with prescription medication. Cervical precancer can be treated, pap tests and follow ups can identify problems before cancer develops. Warts may often go away without treatment, however, there is no cure for the virus so they can reappear in the same or other places.

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Medications usually take many applications before they are successful. Some medications include: Salicylic acid, Imiquimod, Podofilox, and Trichloroacetic acid. If medications don't work, doctors might suggest removing by one of these methods: freezing with liquid nitrogen, burning with an electrical current, surgical removal, and laser surgery.

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Avoid skin-to-skin contact by not having sex. The easiest way to prevent HPV is to use condoms and to practice safe sex. In addition, the Gardasil 9 vaccine is available for the preventation of genital warts and cancers. It protects against 9 types of HPV known to be associated with either cancer or genital warts.

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Nearly 80 million Americans are currently infected with some type of HPV, and many of them don't even know it.

Each year, 14 million Americans become newly infected.

There are more than 100 types of HPV.

12 of the 100 strains of HPV, have been identified as high risk for causing cancer.