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For a more in general project, here's me summing up everything here. If you want to know more feel free to read up on the parts. It's mainly a summary of the history of the atomic bomb. My question is answered in the end.
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The dropping of one of the atomic bombs

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This 1946 film shows actual footage of the atomic bomb destruction of Hiroshima and Nagasaki Japan

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During the final stages of World War II in 1945, the Allies of World War II conducted two atomic bombings against the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan. These two events are the only use of nuclear weapons in war to date.

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The explosion of an atomic bomb

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How did the development of the Nuclear bomb and the science behind it, affect both America and the rest of the world in the process?

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How did the development of the Nuclear bomb and the science behind it, affect both America and the rest of the world in the process?

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Though there are many parts to this question, and multiple other questions that are created while answering it, the development of the nuclear bomb was something that would change the world forever, both for better and for worse. It brought around new technologies that are used to save lives and advance us into new powers and technologies. But it also killed hundreds of thousands of people and brought around a new way of fighting with even deadly bombing techniques. Fission, the science that was behind nuclear bombing, has changed the way we look at the world and interact with it, it’s also brought around the study of a new science called fusion which is still being discovered. Some say that it was a great idea to kill those people in Japan as it showed the true power of the bomb, but others say that it will just cause more problems in the future, which it may since with all of the nuclear weapons now created, if we were to be launched into another war, the world would be plunged into what is called a nuclear winter most likely killing off most of the living things on the planet. Even though this is the case and its technologies have impacted the world in a big way, nuclear science is the gateway to even more powerful sciences which are being discovered at the moment. Some scientists worry about the radioactive material that was left over in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, as the radiation will be left over for thousands and thousands of years more. Either way you look at it there is no way to justify that what had happened was right, but it is shown to have pushed the world towards a better tomorrow, even if the people who died didn’t have a tomorrow

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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ZnB-xBGG0nWQ0b74KIPalYjIvfkku-Xr3p2G7rjGazI/edit

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Are atomic bombs like the ones used in WWII still being made?

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Are atomic bombs like the ones used in WWII still being made?

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Even though the atomic bomb caused so much destruction, bombs like it and even more powerfully are still being made. Even though the attack on Japan won us the war due to the bombs that were dropped, they were the only ones (along with the Tsar bomba dropped by the Soviet union) to ever been dropped in human history. Though none are being dropped at the moment, the ones that have been created to be used are “more than 3,000 times as powerful as the bomb dropped on Hiroshima.” (See citation 11) If we were ever to be in another war like WWI and WWII the use of the bombs would be something that would have to be done. Due to how many have been produced and their strength alone, should the bombs be dropped it would send the whole world into a Nuclear Winter, where the debris and dust would rise into our atmosphere, blocking out the sun. This would lead us into a time that would be almost exactly like the mass extinction event that wiped out the dinosaurs. If people weren't killed by the radioactivity or the initial bomb going off, most would wind up dying because of a lack of food. If it were to be anything like the Tsar bomb which “ produced an insane 50-megaton blast—about 3,333 times more powerful than the Little Boy bomb that leveled an entire city…  sending a mushroom cloud up to more than 130,000 feet in altitude—about four and a half times the height of Mount Everest—as it sent shockwaves around the globe three times over.” (See citation 11) All human life as we know it would be gone.

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The inner workings of a nuclear power plant that's using fission or fusion to power peoples houses and buisnesses

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How did nuclear science advance the world?

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How did nuclear science advance the world?

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Even though the morals around dropping the Atomic bomb are mixed, the science that was discovered because of it helped the world progress. After the Atomic bomb was proven to work in both the Trinity test and the bombings of Japan, nuclear science became a world changing science, in a “range of endeavors spanning physics, chemistry, interdisciplinary research, policy analysis, and nuclear medicine.”  (See citation 8) Nuclear science became a huge thing and was studied so it could help as many people as possible. Now it’s used as a way to create a source of power that doesn't pollute our world’s atmosphere and the radiation is used to help cancer and other diseases. It’s being used to transfer us into a new age of living with science and technology.

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How did the American public react to the bombing of Japan?

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How did the American public react to the bombing of Japan?

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When the Americans first started to build the atomic bomb, they knew that it would help them win the war, which it did. But they did not know the full reaction to the Japanese people. When word reached back to the American public about what had happened after the bombs had been dropped, they were horrified. Well, some were. Most of the population was “ faced with a moral dilemma larger than they could handle, had little to no visible concern for the Japanese people, but instead concentrated on the future of atomic energy, thereby avoiding the then present situation surrounding the newly released atomic energy and the effects that accompanied it.  The co-pilot of the Enola Gay, Robert Lewis wrote in his diary shortly after his plane dropped the bomb on Hiroshima:  "My God, what have we done?"’ (See citation 9) They had more concern over what would happen next for the technology instead of the people who had just lost their lives. They felt that they had gotten what they deserved so saw nothing to be sorry for.

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What is the difference between fission and fusion?

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What is the difference between fission and fusion?

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The basics of it is that Fusion is the combining of multiple atoms and fission is the splitting of an atom with the help of another atom, but it goes farther than that. Fission is when an atom gets so close to another atom (which is most likely going to be an unstable isotope (An atom where there are the same number of protons and different amount of neutrons)) that it uses its neutrons to split the other atom’s nuclei into two different elements causing energy to be released from the broken bonds in the once whole atom. Fusion on the other hand is when the "union of atomic nuclei to form heavier nuclei resulting in the release of enormous amounts of energy" (See citation 10)

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The result from the atomic bombings

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How was the decision to drop little boy decided and justified?

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How was the decision to drop little boy decided and justified?

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Though it was not very justifiable due to the fact that many innocent people lost their lives that day, the American people justified it with saying that they were trying to save the American people. To be quite frank, none of it was justified. Soon, the Americans had gained control of the Japanese air space and were just dropping bombs to spread fear and panic. “Before Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the most devastating example of these methods was the firebombing of Tokyo on March 9, 1945, which killed some 87,000 people. [14] This followed by less than a month the infamous firebombing of the German city of Dresden, on February 13-14, 1945.” (See citation 7) This was the way that the Americans showed that they were just as powerful as Japan and Germany. Some people who were apart of this was people who were scared of what image the atomic bombing of Japan would put on the USA. The basis of this is the fact that the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki were both Terrorist attacks done by the USA. None of the people who worked on the bomb wanted to drop it and simply worked on it because of their hatred for Hitler and the Nazi’s.

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The Trinity test was the first ever successful explosion of an atomic bomb. This success brought us into the atomic age. When the Nuclear bomb was finally developed, it came time for the Americans to actually test it. This test was called the Trinity Test, it was conducted in  Los Alamos, New Mexico. The test was luckily successful and it’s advancements helped the Allied powers win against the Axis powers. Plutonium was the main ingredient used in this bomb, as there was the first plutonium reactor set up which was used to ship plutonium to the testing site every 5 days. They bomb would be later constructed. The original time set to detonate was scraped and then pushed back as it was raining on the original time. Finally, the bomb was dropped and “an intense light flash and sudden wave of heat was followed by a great burst of sound echoing in the valley. A ball of fire tore up into the sky and then was surrounded by a giant mushroom cloud stretching some 40,000 feet across. With a power equivalent to around 21,000 tons of TNT, the bomb completely obliterated the steel tower on which it rested.” (See Citation 6) With the success of the Trinity bomb, production was started on the two bombs which were going to be dropped onto Japan to end the war.

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This is the explosion from the Trinity test bomb.

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What was the Manhattan project and what did it entail?

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What was the Manhattan project and what did it entail?

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The Manhattan project was a project that the Americans started to develop when they found out that the Germans had found out about fission and the physics behind it. Two scientist, Albert Einstein and Enrico Fermi were immigrants from Italy and knew what the Axis powers were trying to develop. Fermi traveled to Washington to tell the president but was met with disbelief on the matter as no one seemed to take him seriously. Einstein wrote to the president a few months later in more detail on what was really happening across the world. The president at the time, FDR, decided to let him and his partner start work on the atomic bomb, but told them to not rush as he saw no need for the atomic bomb at the time. Thus the research started up at only a few universities, there wasn't much to go on at first until a “breakthrough occurred in December 1942 when Fermi led a group of physicists to produce the first controlled NUCLEAR CHAIN REACTION under the grandstands of STAGG FIELD at the University of Chicago” (See Citation 2)

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Even though only one bomb is talked about, the one that was dropped on Hiroshima, there were actually two bombs that were developed and dropped onto Japan to win the war. These bombs were nicknamed, Little Boy and Fat Man. Little Boy was a atomic bomb that used 600 milligrams of Uranium which exploded at about the force of about 14 kilotons of TNT. The American dropped this bomb on Hiroshima on August 6, 1945. It was estimated that “140,000 died instantly with thousands more in the months that followed from injuries and radiation poisoning.” (See Citation 4) The other bomb that was dropped, Fat Man, was instead made of Plutonium like the bomb that was tested in Trinity. This bomb was exploded at the rate of about 21 kilotons of TNT over Nagasaki only three days after Little Boy was dropped. It was estimated that “39,000 deaths were sustained immediately, with thousands more later from injuries.” These bombs still have traces present in Japan and will continue to be present for years to come.

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How did the Nuclear Bomb start it's creation in Germany?

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How did the Nuclear Bomb start it's creation in Germany?

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Even though America was the one's who dropped the bomb onto Japan, they weren't the ones who started to create the object of mass destruction.The technology that is used in Nuclear Bombs started development before WWII even started up. When it did, a group of physicists started the research on whether or not the power could be used for the military. Due to miscalculations, “ At the same time, Heisenberg calculated, incorrectly, that the critical mass required for a U-235 nuclear weapon was on the order of a few tons instead of the actual value of 15-60 kilograms. [3] Even with this error in calculations, there was belief in 1941 that if the war lasted a few more years, a nuclear weapon could be developed. [2]” (See citation 3) Germany was unable to develop the bomb before the Americans did. This was also due to the part that the Germans simply did not have the proper tools to complete research, this along with the disinterest in science made the Germans not develop the bomb that would of won them the war.

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In a nuclear bomb, the main physics behind it is something called fission. When an atom is used in fission (most likely Uranium or Plutonium) It’s nuclei is being split. This action is caused by having a neutron from another atom hit another atoms nuclei. This then splits it into two different elements. When this action is taken, immense power is released from the bonds that were used to hold the nuclei together. In the case of an atomic bomb, more than one atom of either Uranium or Plutonium are being packed together. As the bomb is about to go off, immense pressure is being pushed against the atoms, causing them to move closer and closer together until they can not properly move with out another hitting it. This causes one other the other neutrons to hit a nuclei which then sets off the chain reactions of the explosions.

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The Atomic bomb was technically founded by a man named Leo Szilard. After the founding of the neutron (One of the major parts of an atom), he began to think about the possibilities that there could be a way to use atoms to have a  “controlled release of atomic power through a multiplying neutron chain reaction,” (See citation 5). Such power could be used in something like a bomb. His idea was then approved and he was declared the official founder of said atomic bomb.

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Nuclear science and the bombs created from it.

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Nuclear science and the bombs created from it.

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Nuclear science has been around for what seems like forever, but it too had it's beginnings. The revolution of Nuclear science and fission happened during WWII. With Germany and Japan going around the world and decimating country's, America wound up building bombs that would revolutionize history.