# data[].attributes.headline
Economy and Society of Hunting and Gathering of the Paleolithic Era

# data[].attributes.subject
Economy and Society of Hunting and Gathering of the Paleolithic Era

# data[].attributes.headline
The Neolithic ERA and the Transition to Agriculture Summary

# data[].attributes.subject
The Neolithic ERA and the Transition to Agriculture Summary

# data[].attributes.body
The Neolithic ERA is defined by cultivation of crops and domestication of animals.

# data[].attributes.body
Cities were larger and more complex than villages. More people chose professions other than the production of food.

# data[].attributes.body
Sewing needles were made out of animal bones. Barbed harpoons were used for hunting. Small slings were used to hurl spears at speeds of up to 100 mph.

# data[].attributes.body
Everyone had the basic drive to survive so they didn't have any social inequality. However some distinctions rose based on age, strength, courage, intelligence, and personality.

# data[].attributes.body
As agriculture grew and expanded, the population also began to grow at a much faster rate.

# data[].attributes.body
Professional craft workers improved the quality of their works, there were also managers (governors, administrators, military strategists, tax collectors) and priests.

# data[].attributes.body
Cave paintings are the most prehistoric form of art. They can be found in france and spain. The caves are usually almost impossible to reach. They depict sensitivity and power.

# data[].attributes.body
Homo Sapiens were the only species of Hominids to adapt mentally and manipulate the environment around them while other species of hominids adapted to survive in their environment.

# data[].attributes.body
These figurines are named after the Roman goddess of love. They are visually impressive creations of early homo sapiens.

# data[].attributes.headline
Agriculture Was Made Near Impossible by the Ice Age

# data[].attributes.subject
Agriculture Was Made Near Impossible by the Ice Age

# data[].attributes.body
The extreme temperature fluctuations made growing crops difficult.

# data[].attributes.body
Homo Sapiens had a complex and large brain which helped them adapt and evolve to different situations. They also developed vocal cords leading to them learning to make sounds which later led to a language.

# data[].attributes.body
The smarter group compared to neandertals. They have the ability to construct flexible languages which allows them to share complex ideas. They invented the bow and arrow which helped them become a dominant species to the game they hunted.

# data[].attributes.body
They reflected the nature of the world and human existence. Their name originates from the neander valley in west Germany. They were very careful and deliberate with burials. Fresh wild flowers were picked to be placed over the body.

# data[].attributes.body
Because the population grew so much during the time period people began to settle down and organize themselves into towns and villages.

# data[].attributes.body
Marketplaces in cities attracted buyers from nearby regions, and trade promoted the integration of economics. Cities also expanded their authority to insure adequate food and supplies for their people. Cities also extended their values and traditions to other areas with the building of schools and temples.

# data[].attributes.body
Because some large towns and villages were being created it caused a need for job specialization to increase efficiency and production in the towns.

# data[].attributes.body
The first species of Hominids were found in Eastern Africa and over time they spread out to other regions of the continent, and eventually the world.

# data[].attributes.headline
Women Dominated the Spread of Agriculture

# data[].attributes.subject
Women Dominated the Spread of Agriculture

# data[].attributes.body
During the Paleolithic ERA women were the main gatherers. From their experience dealing with plants they were able to develop a system of how to cultivate crops.

# data[].attributes.body
Homo Sapiens used their intelligence to create complex tools and weapons for their survival.

# data[].attributes.body
The earliest craft industry to emerge was pottery. The used these clay pots to store food and water in town for extended periods of time.Remove

# data[].attributes.body
Compared to other species, they were very complex but compared to Homo Sapiens, they weren't nearly as intelligent or developed physically. Their brain was almost three times smaller than a grown human brain today.

# data[].attributes.body
There was no gender inequality. Both sexes provided equally important contributions to the society.

# data[].attributes.body
It was very difficult for the neolithic people to find animals that were able to be domesticated due to all of the hunting in the earlier paleolithic area.

# data[].attributes.body
They began creating technologies to spin fibers into threads and weave the threads to create cloths which became one of the most important industries. Remove

# data[].attributes.body
Small bands were formed but natural obstacles including famine, disease and drought caused the forming of larger groups of people. Smaller bands often communicated with each other due to territorial disputes and relationships.

# data[].attributes.body
Hunting and coordination were improved due to languages and larger brains. This led to many species of large mammals going extinct.

# data[].attributes.body
Homo Erectus were the first species of hominids to belong to the genus Homo. Their name means "upright-walking human". They built more sophisticated tools than the Australopithecus because their brain was about twice as large. Because of this, they had the ability to organize their activities and communicate plans.

# data[].attributes.body
To clear large areas of land the Slash and Burn procedure was used. The people would slash off the tree bark, then burn down the trees. Eventually the weeds would grow back, the land would then lose fertility.

# data[].attributes.body
When the Ice Age began, Homo Sapiens crossed newly exposed land bridges to new continents like Australia. They also created clothes and used fire to live in colder climates.

# data[].attributes.body
Agriculture improved the lives of may neolithic villagers and they began cultivating land and domesticating animals. Without the need to think about the next source of food, people could focus on other specializations.

# data[].attributes.body
Over time the people developed strategies and relied on their adaptations of advanced communication and hunting tactics in order to hunt larger game.

# data[].attributes.headline
The Spread of Crops Throughout the world

# data[].attributes.subject
The Spread of Crops Throughout the world

# data[].attributes.body
Wheat is a major example of this. Wheat traveled from Southwest Asia to Iran and Northern India. This was made possible by the silk road.

# data[].attributes.body
The earliest metal humans work with is copper. It was used to make more advanced tools.

# data[].attributes.body
The first cities evolved in the valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in modern-day Iraq. Over time, cities appeared in Egypt, India, China, Mexico, and South America.

# data[].attributes.body
While Australopithecus stayed in Eastern Africa, Homo Erectus were able to adapt to their surroundings to their advantage and becasue of this were able to migrate to other regions besides Africa (Europe, Southern Asia, Southeast Asia, East Asia).

# data[].attributes.body
Over time certain nomadic groups created permanent settlements.They formed houses and start economies. As time progressed the population within the communities grew to over a thousand people with rulers and craftsmen that eventually led to complex societies.

# data[].attributes.body
Textile production became an important enterprise in agricultural society

# data[].attributes.body
Neolithic culture was largely dependent on agriculture and the people learned to predict how seasons and weather would affect their crops to plant at the right times.

# data[].attributes.body
Neolithic religious values reflected the natural world of the agricultural society, largely involving life bearing.

# data[].attributes.body
As Homo Sapiens migrated, animals such as dogs, roaches, rats and horses spread with them. Homo Sapiens were the first species to spread out and cover the globe.

# data[].attributes.body
The growing population caused by agriculture led to the development of large complex urbanized societies called cities.