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is a legal term in the unites states law used to describe actions that purposefully and discernibly convey a particular message or statement to those viewing it.

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judges may find a law unconstitutional unless the state can prove that it serves a very compelling interest.

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a low form of review that determines whether a classification of persons have a rational basis and does not deny equal protection under the constitution.

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a government preventing material from being published: censorship, unconstitutional

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Term. preferred freedoms. Definition. some constitutional freedoms, principally those guaranteed by the First Amendment, are fundamental in a free society and consequently are entitled to more judicial protection than other constitutional values. Term

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refers to judicial rulings suspected of being on personal or politicial considerations rather than on existing law. it can be used sometimes as a judicial restraint.

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The judgement in the 1969 case brandenburg vs ohio " imminent lawless action test" , which is used by the supreme court to decide the limits on which speech is protected by the first amendment.

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Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof...

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the clause in the First Amendment of the US Constitution that prohibits the establishment of religion by Congress.

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a standard established in the 1919 Supreme Court case Schenck v. U.S. whereby the government may silence speech or expression when there is a clear and presentdanger that such speech will bring about some harm that the government has the power to prevent. bad tendency test.

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clear and present danger was a doctrine adopted by the Supreme Court of the United States to determine under what circumstances limits can be placed on First Amendment freedoms of speech, press, or assembly

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a balancing test is any judicial test in which the jurists weigh the importance of multiple factors in a legal case. proponents of such tests argue that they allow a deeper consideration of complex issues than a bright line rule can allow.