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14th amendment - all races are citizens, and no legal discrimination/ racism 

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14th amendment - all races are citizens, and no legal discrimination/ racism 

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.equal protection - equal protection for all races/people

.literacy test - not legal, indirect racism

.affirmative action - idea given advantage to those who the country has hurt in the past (African american / native Americans)

. de facto segregation - segregation that happens by society not law or rule

jim crow - illegal under 14, discriminates against blacks

.bakke case - affirmative action = okay

.brown v board of education - no segregation in schools

.civil rights act of 1964 -similar meaning of 14th amendment just earlier

Dred scott case - blacks not citizens = illegal according to 14th

roe v wade - abortion illegal - denying abortion is denying someone of a right (racism)

plessy v Ferguson - separate but equal okay

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8th amendment - no excessive bail or cruel/unusual punishment

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8th amendment - no excessive bail or cruel/unusual punishment

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7th amendment - guarantee trial by peers 

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7th amendment - guarantee trial by peers 

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6th amendment -               speedy fair trial by jury   

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6th amendment -               speedy fair trial by jury   

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. Gideon v wainwright -  right to attorney, if cant afford one, one is given

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. due process - fair treatment through the judiciary system

. double jeopardy - being tried for the same crime in the same case

. rational bases test - if court suspects violation of 5th or 14th amendment test is given.

. Miranda v Arizona - must be alerted of your rights

korematsu v us - must be indited on a crime if being held for longer then 48 hours

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4th amendment -           search and seizures 

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4th amendment -           search and seizures 

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. exclusionary rule - evidence found in illegal searches will not be able to hurt you in court

.probable clause - need reasonable suspicion to search someone

.Mapp v Ohio-  case where evidence was thrown out for illegal search

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2nd admendment -          right to bear arms

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2nd admendment -          right to bear arms

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.guns

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.establishment clause -    no nation wide religion

.speech plus - symbolic speech

.free exercise clause- free to preform religious duties

.prior restraint- preventing speech before it happens

.seditious speech- over throw of gov.

.slander/defamatory - lies or hurtful speech

.lemon v kurtzman - religion in schools

.skokie v Nazi - prior restrasint