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1)EFFECT OF CORROSION     2)FACTORS INFLUENCE METAL CORROSION 

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1)EFFECT OF CORROSION     2)FACTORS INFLUENCE METAL CORROSION 

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- Factors and explanations

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- causes and explanation

- GALVANIC CORROSION + ELECTRO-CHEMICAL SERIES FOR METAL + ELECTROCHEMICAL ACTION

Figures, Description (How it occurs), Causes, Example

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- PITTING
- FILIFORM
- INTERGRANULAR
- EXFOLIATION
- MICROBIAL
Figures, Description (How it occurs, look likes), Causes, Example

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- STRESS
- FATIGUE
- FRETTING
- CREVICE
Figures, Description (how it occurs, look likes), causes, example.

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- External skins seams and Lap Joints
- Control Surfaces Recesses
- Piano Hinges
- Engine Inlet Areas
- Engine Mount Structure
- Engine Exhaust Area
- Landing gear Boxes
- Wheel Wells and Landing Gear
- Fuel Tank
- Battery compartments and Vents
- Bilge Area
- Control Cables
- Lavatories and Food Service Area
- Welded Area

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Eliminate 1 or more basic requirements
1) Prevent the electrical potential difference within the metal

2) insulate the conductive path between areas of potential difference

3) eliminate any electrolyte which could form a conductive path on the surface of the metal

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https://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/handbooks_manuals/aircraft/amt_handbook/media/FAA-8083-30_Ch06.pdf

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Corrosion of Metals | The Chemistry Journey | The Fuse School

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- causes of corrosion

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- causes of galvanic corrosion

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Meaning of corrosion

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- when 2 dissimilar metals are placed in an electrolyte; there will exists between two metals an electrical potential or voltage.

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°Common type of corrosion on aluminium and magnesium.

°Appear as a white, powdery deposit.

°Start on surface then extend vertically into the material that decrease the material strength

Its is started from the intergrabular corrosion.

My additional reference based on this link:
http://www.lambdatechs.com/pitting.html

Based on the picture those corrosion are the the brown spot example:-

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i. Acid
ii. Alkalis
iii. Salt
iv. Atmosphere
v. Water
vi. Microorganisms

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-Broken the arcad surface.
-rapid deteriation of high strenght alluminium .
*require special preventive measure to againts corrosion :
-alluminium alloy :
usually anodised or applied plating
-steel and another type of metal :
require cadmium plating and alluminium coating
-magnesium alloy
highly to corrosion attack . also require special chemical and electro chemical treatment  .

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1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B_em0quwuSw
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aEwD8lPdtoA
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=teTkvUtW4SA

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Stress Corrosion
~ can result from the combination of an applied tensile stress and a corrosive environment.
~causing corrosion by salt solution or sea water.

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Also known as lamellar corrosion.
Most prone to occur in wrought products such as extrusions, thick sheet sand and thin plates.
Definition
Exfoliation is a special form of intergranular corrosion that proceeds laterally from the sites of initiation along planes parallel to the surface, generally at grain boundaries, forming corrosion products that force metal away from the body of the material, giving rise to a layered appearance.
How it occurs?
Occurs on the elongated grain boundaries. The corrosion product that forms has a greater volume than the volume of the parent metal. The increased volume forces the layers apart, and causes the metal to exfoliate or delaminate. Aluminum alloys are particularly susceptible to this type of corrosion.
How to prevent?
Exfoliation corrosion can be prevented through:

the use of coatings

selecting a more exfoliation resistant aluminium alloy

using heat treatment to control precipitate distribution

Extra notes - https://cwst.com/shot-peening/reasons-to-shot-peen/exfoliation-corrosion/

Example figures of exfoliation corrosion on a Cessna wing flap;

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Fatigue Corrosion

~ the damage is greater than the sum of the damage from both cyclic stress and corrosion.
~ causes by combine effect of cyclic stress and corrosion.

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Intergranular corrosion (IGC), also known as intergranular attack (IGA), is a form of corrosion where the boundaries of crystallites of the material are more susceptible to corrosion than their insides

the grain boundaries of the metal only with smaller or no indication on the surface

High strength aluminium alloy like 2024 & 7075 can develop the corrosion if it have been improperly heat treated and exposed to corrosive environment

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intergranular_corrosion

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-special form of oxygen concentration or crevice corrosion
-occurs at metal surfaces that have an ORGANIC COATING
-worm like trace corrosion products
-occurs  when the relative humidity of air is 78%-90% and surface is slightly acid
-can lead to intergranular corrosion
- to further information, click this link :
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gOBpfLMweSc

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It is critical to maintain this area to prevent leading edge rebate corrosion. Any indication of cracked or missing filler should be immediately addressed and repaired. If the rebates are allowed to continue to corrode, it will require repair. If left for too long, it will also require engineering help to develop an approved repair.

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-The nature of corrosion depend on The metal and the environment.
the important factors are:-
1.Nature of the metal
2.Environment
3.Concentration of electrolyte
4.Temperature
5.Electrode potential
6.Hydrogen over voltage

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-STEEL
easy to recognised because the corrosion product is RED . when iron base corrode , dark corrosion product usually form first on the first on surface metal .
-ALUMINIUM
exhibit  WIDE range of corrosive attack.Both bare and clad aluminium alloy resist corrosion in non-marine areas.Corrosion product of aluminium is white to grey powdery material.General surface attack of aluminium penetrates slowly but is accentuated in the presence of dissolved salts

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Fretting Corrosion
~ vibration that cause the surface to nib together resulting in an abrasive wear.
~ occur at the interface of two highly loaded surface.
~ causes severe pitting.

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Piano-type hinges are prime spots for corrosion due to the dissimilar metal contact between the steel pin and aluminum hinge. They are also natural traps for dirt, salt, and moisture. Inspection of hinges should include lubrication and actuation through several cycles to ensure complete lubricant penetration. Use water-displacing lubricants when servicing piano hinges

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PREPARED BY: DARSHAN R. KANJIYA 11MCY 043 KSKV KACHCHH UNIVERSITY, DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY, BHUJ 1

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- Sulphuric Acid (Battery Acid)

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The way of infection of microbial corrosion :-
-the metal that contact with water or oil like watertank will infect by microorganism
-microorganism will built up at the metal
-then corrosion occur
-microorganism like fungi or others
- anaerobic can survive on oxygen free is not present.
-aerobic bacteria require oxygen to live.

Example:
-fuel tank
-water tank
- all surface that contact with water or tank.

This is my references link:-

http://www.corrosionclinic.com/types_of_corrosion/microbiologically_influenced_biological_microbial_corrosion.htm

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- Wash Soda

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There are many locations that ar susceptible to corrosion: The following are the locations.
- External skins seams and Lap Joints
- Control Surfaces Recesses
- Piano Hinges
- Engine Inlet Areas
- Engine Mount Structure
- Engine Exhaust Area
- Landing gear Boxes
- Wheel Wells and Landing Gear
- Fuel Tank
- Battery compartments and Vents
- Bilge Area
- Control Cables
- Lavatories and Food Service Area
- Welded Area

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- Rain (Acid Rain)

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Crevice Corrosion
~ it will be occur when oxygen present in edge joint.
~ causes by present of oxygen or any gap between the  joint or gap.

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https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=video&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwi1kYuFlLPVAhUDW7wKHVCrAhYQtwIIIzAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.powershow.com%2Fview%2F3a9841-ODEwO%2FAircraft_Corrosion_Engine_Inspection_powerpoint_ppt_presentation&usg=AFQjCNEdfsTa2VjMgEYuJ3a3CTwlRslprg

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1)safwan
2) muizz
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-heidi
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1.FATAH
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3.AMMAR

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Corrosion in gasoline engines is generally believed to be due to sulphuric acid formed by the combination of sulphur carried in low-grade fuels and oils with water that enters or is generated in the engine. Much of this trouble occurs in winter and may be traced directly to the action of water that condenses on the inside of the cylinders and crankcase when a cold engine is started. The water destroys the oil-film and comes into direct contact with metal of the pistons, cylinders and other parts, causing them to rust. If this occurs and the lubricating system does not supply more oil to the surfaces immediately upon the restarting of the engine,

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