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Texts:
- My heart leaps up (Wordsworth);
- Sonnet composed upon Westminster Bridge (Wordsworth);
- I Wondered lonely as a cloud (Wordsworth);
- The Rime of the Ancient Marine (Samuel Taylor Coleridge);
- Frankenstein (Mary Shelley);
- The Tell Tale Heart (Edgar Allan Poe);
- Great Expectations (Charles Dickens);
- The Picture of Dorian Gray (Oscar Wilde);
- Dubliners / Eveline (James Joyce);
- Dubliners / The Dead (James Joyce);
- Ulysses / Molly's soliloquy (James Joyce);
- 1984 (George Orwell).

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Florence and  The Machine - No light, No light Lyrics on Screen  ( Ceremonials 2011 )

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The rest ( of the Album ) comes in a few days. Florence + the Machine's song No light , no light in Full HD and Lyrics on Screen . From the Brand new Album Ceremonials 2011. I don't have any rights.

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The extract ends with Winston who moves to the window: the natural light from outside is the only form of freedom that people seem to have, while the artificial colours of the posters, the dulled mirrors and the cameras are instruments of the government to persecute and to obsessively control every man.
Bozzi Viviana

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In the following lines there is no artifical light in the houses during daytime because of the economic drive for the Hate Week. The impossibility of choosing even whether to turn on or off lights is another form of enforcement of the regime, present also in the private houses of people. On each landing  a picture of two eyes follow the movements of everyone. The presence of Big Brother is also felt as a voice, which comes “from a metal plaque like a dulled mirror”.The absence of reflection is emblematic: they can talk with you but you do not have any possibility to reply to them. You can only listen.

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However the scenery immediately changes: the “swirl of gritty dust” casts a shadow over the situation of apparent harmony just described. When Winston enters the Victory Mansions, he looks at the big coloured poster. The poster seems to be the only thing which deserves colors, which oblige everybody to observe the enormous face of Big Brother in all his details.  In fact, the narrator states that the man represented has “a heavy black moustache and ruggedly handsome features”.

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In the extract examined the protagonist  is presented , a common thirtynine-year-old person , who leads an anonymous life. In the initial line, the light is the natural one: the story starts with the description on a “bright cold day in April”, which appears like a common spring day where the sun and the sky create a serene atmosphere, typical of the season.

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1984 is one of the great success of George Orwell, an English writer with Indian origins, endowed of a special sense of history and an acute sensibility with the contemporary events, which are object of his critique of totalitarianism. Originally the title of the work was
“The Last Man in Europe” but then it was changed in 1984 which is the reversal of the last two digits of the years when it was written 1948 in order to show how  society could be transformed in a near future – 35 years.

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Eric Arthur Blair (25 June 1903 – 21 January 1950),better known by his pen name George Orwell, was an English novelist, essayist, journalist, and critic. His work is marked by lucid prose, awareness of social injustice, opposition to totalitarianism, and outspoken support of democratic socialism.

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In conclusion, after all this time, “The Tell-Tale Heart” keeps being appreciated and read, arousing emotions and interest in the readers. Poe sharpened his technique and created a piece of art which nowadays is still object of studies and speculation, in order to discover what's left to be found, because there might be light hiding in the darkest places.
Tartaro Ivan
Zuccalà Stefano

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We have used different sources to realize this padlet, in addition to the texts that we have written. They are listed below.
Songs:
- The Cinematic Orchestra - First light;
- Pink Floyd - Shine on You Crazy Diamond;
- The Rocky Horror Picture Show - Over at the Frankenstein Place;
- Moderat - Let in the Light;
- The Rolling Stones - Shine a Light;
- Billy Squier - In the Dark;
- Disturbed - The Night;
- Beck - Waking Light;
- Claude Debussy - Clair de Lune;
- John McDermott - Loves Old Sweet Song;
- Florence and The Machine - No Light;
- Hans Zimmer - Time.
Source: Youtube.

Source of images: Google.

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This work represents the study of different English literary texts, carried out by students of 5^L , Liceo E. Fermi (Bari) under the supervision of their teacher, Ms Maria Teresa Giorgio.
We focused on light and its treatment as a symbol or a recurrent motif in the different literary texts studied this year.
This padlet has been realized by:
Gagliese Floriana (padlet design and implementation, choice of images)
Lisco Claudia (choice of soundtracks, title)

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John McDermott Loves Old Sweet Song "Contemporary Songs- EP" CD (2011) click "Show more" to see lyrics.

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Download this song free from - http://www.tomrosenthal.co.uk/ Directed by Zoë Cobb - http://cargocollective.com/zoecobb

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The Night by Disturbed with lyrics from the book. This is my first video. Please rate and comment. 8-)

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In The Dark by Billy Squier, with lyrics

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The Original "In The Dark" song by Billy Squier from the album: 16 Strokes, including lyrics. If you find a mistake in the lyrics, please feel free to let me know. Also, please check out my channel for more songs with lyrics. Requests are more than welcome. moonstarhunt24

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The Rolling Stones - Shine A Light - Lyrics

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The Rolling Stones - Shine A Light - Lyrics Album : Exile On Main Street ALL THE RIGHTS GO TO THE ROLLING STONES!!!

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The Rocky Horror Picture Show - Over At The Frankenstein Place Lyrics

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The Rocky Horror Picture Show - Over At The Frankenstein Place Lyrics. Sang by Susan Sarandon, Barry Bostwick and Richard O'Brien in the 1975 movie musical. Music belongs to Richard O'Brien, who wrote the lyrics and the music. He is an amazing man! Comment, Like or Subscribe.

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Enjoy the videos and music you love, upload original content, and share it all with friends, family, and the world on YouTube.

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To sum up, light is able to reveal the true nature of women. By revealing Molly’s most intimate thoughts, Joyce is capable to celebrate the figure and the role of women, giving them physical as well as spiritual values. They are, as Bloom says to Molly, flowers of the mountain: pure but not innocent, delicate but not fragile, beautiful but not unnecessary.

And, “yes”, the sun shines for them because they are the most valuable resource on this earth.
Daugenti Francesca
Zurlo Daniela

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In lines 63 to 64, Molly is remembering Algeciras' landscape (a port city in Spain): '' O and the sea the sea crimson sometimes like fire and the glorious sunsets''. Here again the protagonist is thinking about nature and its prodigious performances. The light of heaven pervades the sea, the colorful houses and all the beautiful flowers. All the colors are highlighted by the sun, which plays a key role: it is the spirit of life. With its strength, it can mesmerize men and women and reveal to them the incredible richness of life.

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Moreover, from Bloom's point of view, Molly may resemble the ''Angel-woman''. She is invaded by God's light (the sun), just like Beatrice is shown by Dante Alighieri in Heaven Divine Comedy. Light has the same function in the two literary works, but in the first case it is presented in an earthly dimension, in the second one in an otherworldly one. Molly, in fact, represents the third entity of Ulysses’ Trinity: the Flesh, which has replaced the Holy Spirit.

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Dark is also associated with the mystery and adventure of love affairs. Some lines later Molly thinks, “for her lover to kiss the iron and the wineshops half open at night and the castanets and the night we missed the boat at Algeciras the watchman going about serene with his lamp''(lines 60-62).
Above all, light is seen as a way to enhance the woman's figure. In the scene where Molly gets Bloom to propose to her, she remembers him saying, "the sun shines for you" (lines 34-35, 41). This statement is repeated several times through the extract.

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Molly starts thinking about light as a gift given by God. "I love flowers Id love to have the whole place swimming in roses God of heaven, theres nothing like nature […] and flowers all sorts of shapes and smells and colours springing up even out of the ditches" ( lines 19- 21 and 24-25). In this way, she expresses her fondness for her instinctual religiousness, which provides happiness to her heart. In addition, she believes that God's light is so strong that also atheists, who are afraid of Hell's darkness, ask for His blessing when they are close to death:'' they go howling for the priest and they dying and why why because theyre afraid of hell on account of their bad conscience”'' (lines 29-31). Obscurity may represent the absence of God's protection.

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Although the ideas of the protagonist (Molly) could seem formless, Joyce manages to make them clearer by using vivid images, such as nature, flowers, God, the sun, which are all connected to the power of light.

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Joyce is best known for Ulysses (1922).
Molly's soliloquy is a passage of the final chapter ''Penelope'' in J. Joyce's novel ''Ulysses''. It had a huge impact on the readers thanks to the technique of the ''stream of consciousness'', which is taken to the extreme. The author enters the characters' minds and expresses all their thoughts and feelings as authentically as possible.

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However, what the reader visualizes is the white of the snow. We can conclude by observing that it is thanks to the white brightness of the snow that Gabriel experiences his final epiphany: he is able to see that everyone is approaching death, but also that everyone has the potential to find love in their lives. Therefore, the final image of the falling snow can be considered as a symbol of death but also as a kind of universal cleansing which may bring new life to Ireland.
Antefermo Antonio

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In the end of the text, the falling of the snow causes Gabriel's epiphany and there are several references to dark, especially when the narrator describes the snow and the places where it falls.

"A few light taps upon the pane made him turn to the window. It had begun to snow again. He watched sleepily the flakes, silver and dark, falling obliquely against the lamplight. Yes, the newspapers were right: snow was general all over Ireland. It was falling on every part of the dark central plain, on the treeless hills, falling softly upon the Bog of Allen and, farther westward, softly falling into the dark mutinous Shannon waves. It was falling, too, upon every part of the lonely churchyard on the hill where Michael Furey lay buried. It lay thickly drifted on the crooked crosses and headstones, on the spears of the little gate, on the barren thorns. His soul swooned slowly as he heard the snow falling faintly through the universe and faintly falling, like the descent of their last end, upon all the living and the dead.”

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Later, when they return to their hotel, Gabriel sends the porter away with the candle because for him they have too much light in their room coming in from the street. This represents his choice to stay ignorant.

"We don't want any light. We have light enough from the street. And I say," he added, pointing to the candle, "you might remove that handsome article, like a good man."

This is also highlighted when they are in their room and he decides to turn away from the light:

"A ghastly light from the street lamp lay in a long shaft from one window to the door. Gabriel threw his overcoat and hat on a couch and crossed the room towards the window. He looked down into the street in order that his emotion might calm a little. Then he turned and leaned against a chest of drawers with his back to the light."

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Similarly, in the scene where Gretta is standing on the stairs, partially obscured by the shadow, Gabriel does not realize, at first, who the woman is:

"He stood still in the gloom of the hall, trying to catch the air that the voice was singing and gazing up at his wife. There was grace and mystery in her attitude as if she were a symbol of something. He asked himself what is a woman standing on the stairs in the shadow, listening to distant music, a symbol of. If he were a painter he would paint her in that attitude."

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Dark is frequently used in Joyce’s descriptions of Gretta and this seems to suggest the fact that Gabriel does not know important events about Gretta’s life.

"Her blue felt hat would show off the bronze of her hair against the darkness and the dark panels of her skirt would show off the light ones. Distant Music he would call the picture if he were a painter."

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The story focuses on Gabriel Conroy and his wife Gretta, when both, after a party, had an “epiphany”.

In these stories, we can find light and dark as recurrent motifs. Traditionally, light symbolizes truth or knowledge, and dark symbolizes ignorance. This holds true in “The Dead” as well.

We find the first reference to dark in the opening scene. Gabriel answered his wife Gretta and he said, "I'll follow", while he was in the dark.

"Here I am as right as the mail, Aunt Kate! Go on up. I'll follow," called out Gabriel from the dark.

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"The Dead" is considered one of the finest short stories in 20th century literature. It was not included in the first draft of the collection "Dubliners" but was added later. It was the result of Joyce's reflection on how an author should represent human beings, their feelings and thoughts, in an objective way.

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Although the narrator is neutral, Joyce this time seems to reveal his opinion. In fact, although Eveline was not capable and courageous enough to leave and look for a new life in Buenos Aires, the author makes us understand that she made the wrong decision, and he does it implicitly, using a symbol. The protagonist has remained silent at the sight of the big black ship, but "illumined portholes" (line 105) symbolize the right decision that she should have made: to leave Ireland. We believe that Joyce sees the world outside of Ireland as a bright world, full of possibilities.
Barracano Elena
Carlone Sabrina

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Many themes are linked to each other and, for example, to understand fully the role of light, especially in the last scene, we need to analyze the theme of escape. This is not only a recurring theme in Dubliners, but it is also very dear to Joyce. We recall that Joyce left Ireland and only returned for a short while to take care of his dying mother.

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Then, we find the darkness of the night of the second and last scene. There is a state of uncertainty here. Eveline feels threatened by the greatness of the black ship. "All the seas of the world tumbled about her heart" (line 113). Eveline is paralyzed by the terror of making the wrong decision and stops.

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Memories continue with moments in the evening, especially on Saturday night when we find her father often drunk and frequent quarrels with him for money. The last negative memories concern Eveline’s mother's illness and these are held in the evening too. In particular, her mother’s last night is recalled, during which Eveline promised her to take care of the family. Thus, the theme of guilt is introduced. Confusion fades when Eveline remembers a Gaelic phrase spoken by her mother, "Deveraun Seraun", that is, “the end of pleasure is already pain.” Eveline experiences her epiphany and realizes that she needs to go away if she wants to avoid the same destiny as her mother’s.

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Analyzing the text, at the beginning we find the description of the bedroom wrapped in the darkness of the evening and the view from the window. The flow of thoughts begins with the happy memory of Eveline’s childhood when she was playing with other children in the field near her home. It is not clearly specified that it was not nighttime but the image of a sunny day is evoked in the reader, which contrasts with the darkness of the room.

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Among the various symbols present in the story (such as dust and the sea), light plays a key role for understanding Eveline’s vision of things, but also Joyce's one. After careful reading of the extract, in fact, the opposition between light (joy and carefreeness) and dark (confusion, doubts, sense of guilt) becomes evident. Both scenes take place in the evening. Therefore, we see dark as a faithful accompaniment to Eveline’s confusion and doubts.

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The plot is quite static, almost absent. The story takes place in just two scenes. The first is set in the bedroom of the protagonist, Eveline, in the evening. The girl is about to leave home with her boyfriend and is overwhelmed by a series of thoughts and memories. In the second scene, she is with Frank at the port. She is supposed to leave but confusion wraps her up so she changes her mind and remains paralyzed at the gate.

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Another important element is the presence of the features that characterize this early stage of Joyce’s literary career, that is the mixture of realism and symbolism and the use of techniques such as the in medias res narration, the neutral narrator, the internal point of view and the epiphany.

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Eveline is one of the fifteen stories that make up James Joyce’s Dubliners. This work portrays the lives of different people living in Dublin, following the four phases of human life (childhood, adolescence, maturity and public life). It is important to note that the author focuses on specific moments, which have a key importance for the characters’ self-awareness.

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James Augustine Aloysius Joyce (2 February 1882 – 13 January 1941) was an Irish novelist, short story writer, and poet. He contributed to the modernist avant-garde and is regarded as one of the most influential and important authors of the 20th century.

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This aspect is also highlighted by the parallelism created by Wilde and that gives a circular structure to the chapter: the evening dress, repeated in the third and in the third to last lines. Related to night, at the beginning the evening dress is worn by two young men that recognize Dorian who is tired of hearing his name: this underscores the discomfort of the protagonist. At the end, the evening dress accompanies Dorian in the moment of his maximum discomfort that leads him to destroy the picture, bringing him to death.

Dorian’s dark soul has lead him to the final darkness of self-destruction.
Di Maio Luigi

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Moreover, the contrast between light and dark at the end of the extract, with the house that was all dark, underlines Dorian’s solitude. He dies alone: only servants care about his death. In fact, the two gentlemen that hear the cry, walk away and with the it that refers to Dorian in the last sentence, the protagonist appears abandoned and dehumanized: he has lost his identity, not even deserving a name.

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Agreeing with what has been said so far, light is little present and negatively connoted, so dark is actually the dominant aspect of the extract. The entire scene is set during the night. Although it is a lovely night (1), it ends with a tragic event: we have again the aspect of illusion. In fact, actually night always brings and evokes negative actions and feelings: Dorian is anguished all night long and the ugliness of the picture, linked with what it symbolizes, had kept him awake at night (103); he noted the first change of the portrait in a night of horror (32) and Alan Campbell had shot himself one night in his laboratory (47).

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Light refers to the only light in one of the top windows of Dorian’s house. His house is completely dark except for his illuminated room: light highlights Dorian’s death and the price for a life of crimes, vices and pure narcissism. Therefore, light and its related words also evoke the theme of duplicity: like the division between Dorian appearance and his behaviors, between what he seems and how he really is, there is the separation between what light usually means and how it is connoted.
Sooner or later, Dorian would have had to pay for what he had done, under the “light of justice”, symbolized by the only light of the house, aging and dying instantly and no longer hiding behind the shadow of a mask: His beauty had been to him but a mask, his youth but a mockery (lines 41-42); In hypocrisy he had worn the mask of goodness (96-97).

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Splendour refers to the eternal youth, a youth that is actually false, as shown by the wrinkled picture, and that is the origin of Dorian’s vicious life and his corruption and torment; polished to the mirror (another fundamental theme) given by Lord Henry: Dorian destroys it because it reminds him of the portrait and reflects his eternal but only exterior beauty and youth; lamp accompanies Dorian in the moment in which he is momentarily relieved (…a smile of joy flitted across his strangely young-looking face (66)) and wants to see if the picture has changed after his good action: it is only an illusion caused by his vanity; scarlet and brighter disturbingly refers to the blood on the picture that is now increased and spread; bright and glistened to the knife that killed Basil and that will destroy the painting.

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In fact, the word light appears only once in the entire text (line 118). As for its semantic area, there are various words relating with light: splendour (line 25), polished (34), lamp (65), scarlet (74), brighter (75), bright (109), glistened (110). Thus, these words may seem to alleviate and lighten the general atmosphere, bringing positive aspects in the dramatic scene. On the contrary, here is how, in their context, they assume a negative connotation.

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The Picture of Dorian Gray is the only published novel by Oscar Wilde, first published in 1890. It belongs to the gothic genre, because of its decadent scenes and sinister atmosphere. “Dorian’s death” is a passage from the 20th chapter, the final one of the renovated 1891 version. These last 137 lines represent the point in which the story reaches its climax in an unexpected, dramatic way with Dorian’s dreadful metamorphosis.

According to the overall style of the novel, also this extract is characterized by a menacing and gloomy atmosphere culminating with the terrible scene of Dorian’s death.

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Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills Wilde (16 October 1854 – 30 November 1900) was an Irish playwright, novelist, essayist, and poet. After writing in different forms throughout the 1880s, he became one of London's most popular playwrights in the early 1890s.

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In the novel there is an evident allegory: Estella’s name is linked to the stars, which give off light but are far from man. In fact, at end of the novel, Pip will not get closer to or marry Estella.

By insisting on dark and light in this novel, Dickens may want to teach the readers that, even if sometimes life is “dark”, we need to find in ourselves and in the external world the “light” that gives us the courage and strength not to give up.
Elia Giuseppe

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A room in the house, however, is well lit by candles, which are artificial light, as we can see in the following lines:

“... in a pretty large room, well lighted with wax candles. No glimpse of daylight was to be seen in it.”

The use of candles and the refusal of natural light reflect the hostess’s internal experience. Miss Havisham refuses life and external reality: instead of the natural alternation of daylight and dark, she prefers darkness, as if she wanted to be left to die in the darkness of her sorrow. However, she wants the moment of the beginning of her suffering to be remembered and well lit for ever.

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In Great Expectations the function of light and darkness is important. The relationship between light and darkness is evident when Pip meets Estella for the first time, in Miss Havisham’s house, which is almost completely dark:

“We went into the house by a side door, the great front entrance had two chains across it outside, and the first thing I noticed was, that the passages were all dark, and that she had left a candle burning there. She took it up, and we went through more passages and up a staircase, and still it was all dark, and only the candle lighted us.”
The dark setting represents the sad and depressed mood of the hostess, who still suffers because she was abandoned on her wedding day.

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Great Expectations is one of Dickens’s best known works.

The novel starts with the main character, Pip, who meets a rude convict and decides to help him, getting food as well as a file to cut his chains. Having helped the convict, Pip’s life changes. He becomes a gentleman thanks to the convict who leaves money to him. Pip’s expectations, however, fail because he doesn’t marry Estella, who is Miss Havisham’s ward. Miss Havisham was left at the altar on her wedding day and she uses Estella to make men suffer.

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Charles John Huffam Dickens (7 February 1812 – 9 June 1870) was an English writer and social critic. He created some of the world's best-known fictional characters and is regarded by many as the greatest novelist of the Victorian era.

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We can give this double meaning also to sunlight: during the day the protagonist’s  behaviour is normal, whereas at night it's highly influenced by the obsession for the eye, so we can think that light stands for rationality. At the same time, however, sunlight makes the eye visible, and then the protagonist feels uncomfortable (“Whenever it fell upon me, my blood ran cold”).

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Moreover, at the end, when the policemen come, he (or she) acts as if nothing happened, but starts to crack, little by little, together with the arrival of the sun. So light, as a symbol, is as important as it is hard to label.

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The lantern is used as a weapon againts the hated eye: it allows the main character  to see at night, in the dark room, leading in this way to knowledge, but at the same time this knowledge is used to accomplish a totally irrational goal, the murder.

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As we can see from the plot, there are precision and cure for specifics details that make obsession the main theme (“You should have seen how wisely I proceeded – with what caution – with what foresight – with what dissimulation I went to work!”), but light is important as well, and can be considered as a symbol of both rationality and irrationality.
This controversial interpretation fits the polyhedric characterisation of the main character, who appears well both balanced and insane.

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The deed is planned meticulously: every night the potential killer stealthily enters his fellow tenant room and lets a sliver of light shine from his lantern. He always finds the eye shut and so doesn't do anything (being the eye, and not the man, the only enemy), until the eighth night, when he accidentally makes a noise and wakes the victim up. He ends up doing the killing and hiding the body under the floor. Everything stays calm when he is visited by the police, called by a neighbour who had heard a scream, but then  he starts hearing the old man's heart beat and confesses his crime.

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We know almost nothing about the main character, who could be both a man or a woman and whose age and job are unspecified: we only know that he or she may work for and lives with an old man. The relationship between the two seems harmonious (“I loved the old man. He had never wronged me, he had never given me insult.” says the protagonist), but the mysterious protagonist starts devoloping an obsession with the old man's “vulture-eye”: he can't stand its sight and decides to murder its owner to get rid of it.

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Edgar Allan Poe is one of the most influential authors in the field of horror writing and can be considered the father of short stories. He stated that this genre isn’t less worthy or simpler than the other ones, and thought it deserves the same attention and cure for details. The Tell-Tale Heart, published in 1843, is nowadays one of his best-known works, dealing with many themes: the first to be noticed is obsession, linked with madness, and then with the theme of light.