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- The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes, where things being made by hand was then being made by machines and produced in larger-scale factories.This influenced Realism in their writings and novels to write stories about fiction true to life by describing ordinary characters, situations, and settings.
- The Civil War impacted the realists of this literary time of period to focused their attention on everyday life and ordinary human behavior.
- The Progressive Era was the excesses of uncontrolled industrialism, the squalor of overcrowded cities, and deep social inequalities sparked a wide-ranging impulse for reform. This time of period impacted the Realists to depict life accurately was insufficient and wrote to fix those problems.

Bellows, George. ¨The Age of Realism.¨ Elements of Literature, edited by Kylene Beers, Carol Jago, Deborah Appleman, Leila Christenbury, Sara Kajder, Linda Reif, Holt, 2009, pp.605-613.

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- Realism and Romanticism were both valued in American society,  helped people live a better life, and it started before 20th century.
Realism: Rational thinking, depicted ordinary daily life, and uncovers the truth in real life.
Romanticism: Emotional thinking, idealization, usually shows fantasy world.

McAdams, Karen. "Prezi." Prezi.com, 4 December 2012, https://prezi.com/qa1att53xcdn/romanticism-vs-realism/

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- Mark Twain wrote "Notorious Jumping Frog" to help people understand about social and cultural differences.
- Charlotte Gilman wrote "The Yellow Wallpaper" influence American people to improve the society.
- William Howells wrote the straight definition of "Realism" to influence Americans to learn about the truth for better changes.

Schuster, Marc. "Get Real: An Introduction to Realism in American Literature." youtube.com, Feb 26, 2013, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eTCjHZWmgG0&feature=youtu.be

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- Realism gets more popular in 1870.
- Realistic authors: truthful, a hero, and caring.

Schuster, Marc. "Get Real: An Introduction to Realism in American Literature." youtube.com, Feb 26, 2013, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eTCjHZWmgG0&feature=youtu.be

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- Naturalism was inspired by the work of Charles Darwin, followed the theory of natural selection, psychology, which is the study of human mind, and sociology, the study of human behavior.
- Since Naturalists seek truth in the universe, no matter how dark that truth seems. Therefore, Naturalism gave Realism a better look at the other half dark and painful side of the real, truth things in life.
- The main focus of Naturalist writers was to dissect human behavior and show human beings as subject to natural forces beyond their control.

Christenbury, Leila. ¨Realism and Naturalism.¨ Elements of Literature, edited by Kylene Beers, Carol Jago, Deborah Appleman, Leila Christenbury, Sara Kajder, Linda Reif, Holt, 2009, pp.681.

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- Regionalism in literature focusing on specifically geographical area and its people.
- Regionalism helped the Realism to described life through Regionalism´s works since they capture real life stories.
- The main focus of Regionalist writers was to capture the speech, mannerisms, behavior, and beliefs of people in specific locales.

Christenbury, Leila. ¨Regionalism.¨ Elements of Literature, edited by Kylene Beers, Carol Jago, Deborah Appleman, Leila Christenbury, Sara Kajder, Linda Reif, Holt, 2009, pp.619.