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https://amhistory.si.edu/militaryhistory/printable/section.asp?id=5&sub=3

https://www.battlefields.org/learn/articles/bull-run

https://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/first-battle-of-bull-run

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The goal of the Confederates was to win the war by not losing. They needed only to prolong their conflict long enough to convince the Union that victory would be too costly to bear. When opportunities arose, they would augment this strategy with selective offensive strikes. The Confederacy had fewer men, less capital, and less industrial capacity than the North, but its defensive strategy might prevail. And if it could convince France or England to recognize and support its government, chances of victory were even greater.

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First Manassas: Battle Map

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3,000 Union casualties

1,750 Confederates casualties

The battle is also known as the First Battle of Manassas,

People of the North were so sure they would win the battle, many of them took picnics and watched from a nearby hill.

A Confederate spy named Rose Greenhow provided information on Union army plans that helped the Confederate generals during the battle.

During Stonewall Jackson's attack at Henry House Hill, the Confederate soldiers charged with their bayonets and screamed a terrifying high pitch battle cry that later became known as the "rebel yell."

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The goal was to make quick work of the bulk of the Confederate army, open the way to Richmond, the Confederate capital, and end the war. The morning of July 21st dawned on two generals planning to outflank their opponent's left.

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P.G.T Beauregard
Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson
Joseph E. Jackson

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Winfield Scott
Irvin McDowell
Robert Patterson

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Prince William County, Virginia just north of Manassas, Virginia

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The First Battle of Bull Run started and ended on July 21, 1861.