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I chose this picture because it shows all the different things plants are useful for/involved in in the environment and society.
Plants help with the maintaining of the atmosphere. During photosynthesis, plants absorb carbon dioxide and produce oxygen. Many different organisms create a habitat within plants. Plants also provide for the society. They make for a great source of food. They also are good for shelter, especially trees. Plants are good and natural for medicines as well.

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I chose this animation because it clearly shows the process of photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use the energy from sunlight to produce glucose from carbon dioxide and water. The glucose is then converted into pyruvate which releases ATP by cellular respiration. Oxygen is then sent out into the air.

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This website explains the 4 different types of land plants. Each type is broken down to explain it more in depth. There are also different words that can be clicked on that send you to different links that go even more in depth for expelling each type. I also am pasting another website because it helped me understand the concept of each of the 4 types better.
https://bio11h2015isaiah.weebly.com/bryophytes-pteridophytes-gymnosperms-angiosperms.html

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Types of Plants: Plants are all unique in terms of physical appearance, structure, and physiological behavior. Aside from that, they also vary in their habitats, tolerance, and nutrient requirement.

So with that kind of diversity, the big question is, how do you exactly start to classify them? Good thing botanists have already devised ways in order to classify them. In fact, classifying plants is considered as one of the oldest approaches in studying botany.

In general, scientists group plants into two major groups: non-vascular and vascular. The former being composed of early plants while the latter consists of plants which had developed a vascular system.

However, this kind of grouping seems to be very general and covers a wide variety of scope. The more commonly used classification is the more specific one: by classifying them into different phyla.

Types of Plants

Non-vascular Plants

As their name implies, nonvascular plants lack vascular tissues that can help them transport water and nutrients. Nonvascular plants are considered to be the earliest living plants in the planet. However, fossils have not been found because these types of plants fossilized poorly. The most common non-vascular plants include the members of the Phylum Bryophyta and is described below.

Bryophytes

The Phylum Bryophyta, are the most diverse group with more than 10,000 plant species. This phylum include the mosses, liverworts, and hornworts.

Among all plant phyla, the members of the Phylum Bryophyta are considered as the simplest. In terms of physical appearance, mosses are small and inconspicuous. Basically,bryophytes lack vascular tissue and wood that can render them structural support. They also lack true leaves, stem, and roots that can help them transport water and nutrients. Because of this, they are limited to a narrow range of habitats.

Despite lacking some some essential plant organs, bryophytes play an important role in minimizing erosion along bodies of water, carrying out water and nutrient cycling in forests, and regulating temperature in permafrosts. Also see the biological weathering article.

In terms of habitats and physical structures, bryophytes are related to lichens (symbiotic relationship between a fungus and an algae). For instance, both of them utilize the moisture in the environment in order to transport minerals and nutrients.

Because of that, bryophytes live in moist places and somehow have adapted several methods that can help them thrive in dry periods.

Bryophytes reproduce through spores. Check out the life cycle of Bryophytes in detail here.

At present, the classification of some species of bryophytes still remains arbitrary and is up for further studies.

Bryophyte Examples

Vascular Plants

Also known as the tracheophytes, vascular plants have been allowed by evolution to posses vascular tissues (xylem and phloem) that aid them to transport water and minerals. All other plants like the members of the Phylum Pteridophyta, Gymnosperms, and Angiosperms are classified as vascular plants. The said plant phyla are described below.

Pteridophytes

The next phylum in this list is the Phylum Pteridophyta which is composed of almost 12,000 (with over two-thirds are tropical) species of true ferns and fern allies.

Pteridophytes are seedless plants; being such, they are incapable of passing on their genetic material to their offspring using cones, fruits, or seeds. Instead, these group of plants produce spores that are located on the underside of their leaves known as sporophylls.

Pteridophytes are able to catapult their spores even at long distances because of the spring-like structures of these sporangia-containing spores.

In terms of physical appearance, pteridophytes are extremely diverse and there is no single characteristic that can describe them. Leaves of ferns are called fronds, which typically are coiled until they unroll at maturity. They also have horizontal stems called rhizomes and have simple leaves roots. Unlike bryophytes, they are already vascular plants and capable of transporting fluids.

Through time, pteridophytes have already adapted to a wide range of habitat: they can be aquatic, terrestrial, and even cold-resistant, but most of them still prefer to thrive in tropical regions. See the life cycle of Pteridophytes in detail here.

Pteridophyte Examples

Gymnosperms

Gymnosperms, as compared with other plant phyla, include the tallest, the thickest, and the oldest living plants. They are widely distributed in the planet but dominate the temperate and arctic regions.

Members of this phylum include pines, hemlocks, firs, and spruces, which all are characterized by having wood, and green needle-like or scale-like foliage.

The name "gymnosperm" literally means "naked seed", which is exhibited by the members by having cones (or strobilus, plural: strobili) instead of seeds to reproduce.

Gymnosperms are considered to be heterosporous. This means that they produce two distinct types of cones for the male and female. Usually, male cones are smaller as compared to the large cone of the female.

In relation to what was alluded above, gymnosperms are good sources of wood and paper. Aside from that, they provide food and habitat for animals, and in return, these animals become important in the dispersal of their propagules.

Gymnosperm Examples

Angiosperms

Angiosperms, also referred to as the flowering plants, are the most diverse plant phylum with at least 260,000 living plant species.

Angiosperms display a vast diversity of plants as they include trees, herbs, shrubs, bulbs, epiphytes (parasitic plants), and plants living in both marine and freshwater habitats.

The largest families in this phylum are the Orchidaceae (family of orchids), Asteraceae (family of daisies), and Fabaceae (family of legumes).

Despite their diversity, this phylum is united by several distinguishing characteristics:

1. ovules/seeds that are enclosed within the carpel/fruit.

2. double fertilization, which is the process that leads to the formation of the nutritive tissue called the endosperm.

3. male reproductive tissue composed of two pairs of pollen sacs, and many more. Refer to life cycle of angiosperms in detail here.

The oldest known angiosperms were a group of plants known as the magnoliids, which are composed of small inconspicuous flowering plants. Scientists think that this group gave rise to the monocots and eudicots.

Because of their many types, angiosperms offer a wide variety of uses for animals, especially humans. Most angiosperms are good sources of food, medicine, clothing fibers, and wood. Check out 25 most beautiful purple flowers and their classifications.

Angiosperm Examples

Did you find this way of classifying plants effective? Are there any other ways you might have classified the types of plants?

References

- "Evolution of Plants - Biology Encyclopedia - cells, body, human, process, system, different, organisms, life, structure". Accessed March 11, 2017. Link.

- "Introduction to the Bryophyta". Accessed March 11, 2017. Link.

- "Phylum Bryophyta". Accessed March 11, 2017. Link.

- "Phylum Pteridophyta: Characteristics, Classification & Life Cycle - Video & Lesson Transcript | Study.com". Accessed March 11, 2017. Link.

- "Phylum Pterophyta: Ferns". Accessed March 11, 2017. Link.

- "Gymnosperms". Accessed March 11, 2017. Link.

- "Gymnosperm - New World Encyclopedia". Accessed March 11, 2017. Link.

- "Angiosperms (Flowering plants) â€" The Plant List". Accessed March 11, 2017. Link.

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Types of Plants | 4 Major Classifications of Plants | BioExplorer

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Types of Plants: Plants are all unique in terms of physical appearance, structure, and physiological behavior. Aside from that, they also vary in their habitats, tolerance, and nutrient requirement. So with that kind of diversity, the big question is, how do you exactly start to classify them?

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There was a huge fire in the Amazon Rainforest. There are 670 million acres of Amazon Rainforest. Human-driven deforestation of the Amazon is used to clear land for agriculture, livestock, mining, and for its lumber. On November 18,2019 the Amazon was on fire. It was the biggest fire the Amazon had ever endured. It killed many species that called the Amazon home. The rate of deforestation was the "worst in more than a decade" with 2,400,000 acres lost. If deforestation continues, there won't be an Amazon Rainforest left.

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I chose this diagram because it shows how there is a constant population growth, then there is a constant agricultural growth/productivity. The Neolithic Revolution had a big impact on humans. It allowed people to stay in one place, which meant they were able to farm, cultivate crops, and domesticate animals for their own use. As a result of this, permanent settlements were established, creating the setup for civilization and society.

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The 3rd Agricultural Revolution, also known as the Green Revolution is a set of research technology transfer initiatives occurring between 1950 and the 1960's. this increased agricultural production worldwide, mainly in the developing world. This began in the late 1960's. I chose this website because it helps explain the agricultural innovation.

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Agricultural innovations are primarily concerned with a need for increasing production (of food, fodder, secondary products) as well as enhancing quality (of produce, production process, growing conditions). This paper reviews current thinking on how improvements and innovations in agriculture arise, what forms they take and what agents are involved. Innovations typically affect one or more of the following areas: crops, animals, growing conditions, implements and management practices. While 'macro-inventions' (radical new ideas) do occur, many concern 'micro-inventions', that is changes or modifications to tools and practices made by skilled practitioners (farmers, craftspeople), rather than by inventors or entrepreneurs. Indeed, agricultural innovations frequently concern not so much the adoption of newly introduced technologies, but the adaptation of existing ones. The term 'agricultural revolution' tends to be used when a number of improvements in separate areas of the farming system co-occur as a complex, and, although these may be introduced gradually, once they reach a critical mass their impact on society may be of a magnitude deserving of the term 'revolution'.

Additional information

Acknowledgements

I would like to thank all the referees for the generous advice they gave regarding the papers submitted to this issue. I am grateful to Lin Foxhall, Bjarne Rogan, Erik Thoen and Richard Thomas for the discussions that have helped my thinking about this fascinating topic and to Neil Christie and Lin Foxhall for commenting on earlier drafts of this text. I would also like to thank the Leverhulme Trust for the Major Research Fellowship during which this paper was researched and written and this issue was edited.

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Agricultural innovation: invention and adoption or change and adaptation?

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Agricultural innovations are primarily concerned with a need for increasing production (of food, fodder, secondary products) as well as enhancing quality (of produce, production process, growing conditions). This paper reviews current thinking on how improvements and innovations in agriculture arise, what forms they take and what agents are involved.

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Implementing a Success Roadmap to support your organizations’ Global Goals strategy will positively influence your Triple Bottom Line. People (social), Planet (environmental), and Prosperity (economics) are the goals of sustainability. I chose this diagram because I feel like sustainability will always be important, but I feel like it will get smaller and smaller with time. I think that the people aspect of it, people will become more selfish and only worry about themselves and that alone will hinder the world we live in. If agriculture goes unchecked then to me that means we wouldn't have agriculture anymore and how are we supposed to have food without agriculture? And then the economy... I honestly have no idea what that would look like. I feel like it's constantly changing so there is no definite way to tell.

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I chose Aspirin. I chose it because this drug actually means something to me. My mom is a diabetic and her doctor prescribed her to take Aspirin everyday to help her with her diabetes. It helps with her heart. They told her that if she didn't take it and diabetes got worse she could have heart problems down the road. Aspirin comes from Spiraea, a biological genus of shrubs that includes natural sources of the drug's key ingredient: salicylic acid. This acid, resembling what's in modern-day aspirin, can be found in jasmine, beans, peas, clover and certain grasses and trees.