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(Underground Railroads were the early 1800s and Harriet Tubman was around 1849) The underground railroad was a system of routes which runaway slaves were helped to escape Canada or to safe areas in the free states. Harriet Tubman was a former slave who was a conductor on the Underground Railroad, and she made 19 trips back to the South and may have helped 300 slaves. She was also an abolition activist. It was a cause as it further provoked the anger of Southerners who supported slavery while Northerners increased their protests against the Fugitive Slave Act.

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The Wilmot Proviso was an amendment to an 1846 military appropriations bill, proposing that none of the territory acquired in the war with Mexico would be open to slavery. It was a cause of the Civil War as it divided Congress along regional lines, with Northerners angry over Southern congressmen refusing to vote for internal improvements, and Southerners who argued that the proviso would undermine constitutional rights. This created much tension between the two sides.

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Popular Sovereignty was a system in which the residents vote to decide an issue. This was a cause of the Civil War because to appease the South, Douglas decided to support repeal of the Missouri Compromise, which would make slavery legal north of the 36 degree 30 line, which created a huge amount of tension between the North and South. Douglas did not realize how strongly the North opposed slavery and what they could do with their beliefs.

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It was a series of congressional measures intended to settle the major disagreements between free states and slave states. It caused the Civil War as Calhoun and Webster disagreed with each other leading the North and South to start disagreeing with each other. The Fugitive Slave Act required people in the free states to help capture and return escaped slaves, which especially in the North, was unnacceptable to most people as it was inhumae which also caused rising tension.

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It was a law enacted as part of the Compromise of 1850, designed to ensure that escaped slaves would be returned into bondage. It was a cause of the Civil War as Northerners resisted it by organizing vigilance committees to send African Americans to safety in Canada, in which Southerners became enraged with. The Northerners created laws to protect the slaves, and even used violence to protect them. The Southerners grew distraught and the two sides become even more divided than before.

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It was a law, enacted in 1854, the established the territories of Kansas and Nebraska and gave their residets the right to decide whether to allow slavery. It was a a cause of the Civil War as the compromise could not satisfy either the North or South which created tensions that led to new political alliances as well as violence. As the two sections, gre further apart, the old national partues were torn apart and new political parties emerged.

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Around 1855, Bleeding Kansas was a name applied to the Kansas Terriotory in the years before the Civil War, when the territory was a battleground between proslavery and antislavery forces. It was a cause of the Civil War as the proslavery and antislavery population (South and North) became completely divided and started using violence as a way to get their point across.

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Dred Scott and the Dred Scott Decision (supreme court case)

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Dred Scott and the Dred Scott Decision (supreme court case)

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(1856) Dred Scott was a slave from Missouri whose owner had taken him north of the Missouri Compromise line. His owner and himself lived in free territory where his owner died, so Scott filed a lwsuit to gain his freedom by saying he became a free person by living in free terrioty for several years. This was a cause of the Civil War as the Supreme Court had cleared the way for the extension of slavery, as they denied Scott his rights for freedom, in which Northerners were stunned and upset, while Southerners were cheerful. Opponents of slavery now pinned their hopes on the Republican Party as they thought they could keep slavery in check.

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In 1858, the race for the U.S senate was taking place. The Republican party decided that Lincoln needed to counteract Democratic incumbent Douglas, so Lincoln challenged him to a series of seven open-air debates to be held throughout Illinois on the issue of slavery in the territories. This was a cause of the Civil War because Douglas' response to Lincoln's question, which is the Freeport Doctrine, that people could get around the Dred Scott rule, worsened the split between the Northern and Southern Wings of the Democratic party.

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Harper's Ferry was when John Brown secretly obtained financial backing from several prominent Northern abolitionists, and on October 16, 1859, he led 21 men into Harpers Ferry with a goal of seizing the federal arsenal there, distribute captured arms to slaves in the area, and start the general slave uprising. This was a cause of the Civil War as after he was killed for treason, the North admired him, but the South had outraged mobs who assaulted whites who they had suspicion of having antislavery views and thought the Northerners were planning slave uprisings everywhere causing them to have paranoia and want to strike back first.

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The election of 1860 was when three candidates, Stephen Douglas, John C. Breckinridge, and John Bell, vied for office in addition to Lincoln. Lincoln won the election without any electoral votes for, the South, and he didn’t win the popular vote. This was a cause of the civil war because the South was convinced that with Lincoln in office, they had lost their political voice in national government and that the North would submit the South, some Southern states decided to act.

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Fort Sumter was a Union stronghold in South Carolina which was attacked by Confederates in 1861 because they seceded from the Union over the issues of slavery and states' rights. This was a cause of the Civil War as the confederate attack was considered the start of the Civil War because Americans were burning their own country on fire against other states and destroying their own country for the sake of getting what they want. People wanted to get back at the Confederates or wanted to join them.