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What does YOUR COUNTRY LOOK LIKE NOW AT THE END OF WWI?

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What does YOUR COUNTRY LOOK LIKE NOW AT THE END OF WWI?

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After the World War Russia suffered great loses. Russia suffered destruction, epidemics and famines. the amount of russians that were lost was around 1,811,000 to 2,254,369. All these losses lead to the collapse of Russia

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The main aims of Russia was to make Germany weaker, by eliminating Austria as a rival in the Balkans and gaining control of Constantinople. To support France the Russian general staff planned for an immediate offensive against the Central Powers.

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in this video we can understand the strength and reasons for which the Russian's decided to enter the first world war.

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During WW1 Russia's allies were France, and Britain.

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a soldier fighting in Europe or in one of the colonies

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a soldier fighting in Europe or in one of the colonies

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The trenches were dirty, wet, and it was very boring when they were not fighting, but it wasn't always boring. sometimes the soldiers were visited by famous artists, and sometimes they played tug-of-war or have snowball fights. Sometimes being in the trenches was fun, but when they went to war they either leave as a corpse, or alive and traumatized.

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VIDEO #1:
TEAM PLANNING SESSION
(2-3 mins)

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WWI Summative Investigation, Presentation & Reflection:
Crit. A & B

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WWI Summative Investigation, Presentation & Reflection: Crit. A & B

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What kind of TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS IN WARFARE?

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What kind of TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS IN WARFARE?

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1.) Increase in production rate of machine guns.
2.) increase of machine guns, airplanes, and motors.
3.) production of gas masks

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Russia took a very heavy economical blow after World War 1. After 2 years of war the war caused downturns in agrarian production, problems in the transportation network, fuelled currency inflation and created critical food and fuel shortages in the cities.

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the russian citizens do not want the war they want peace, and they feel like the Czar is sending all of his man to death and the peoples are revolting against him, so they declare a civil war to overthrow the Czar.

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during the first world war there was a civil war that broke out in Russia, this civil war distracted Russia from the war that was happening outside and so became weaker.

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each country had different reasons to enter the triple entente, for Russia it offered an opportunity to strengthen diplomatic and economic relationships with France and Great Britain, the french got economical benefits from this alliance .

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What's the reality of the soldier's experience?

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What's the reality of the soldier's experience?

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Playing in the trenches was only a way to escape reality and when they go into war they either stay dead, or returned traumatized from the experience.

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VIDEO #2:
TEAM DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS (2-4 mins)

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Experiment with methodologies for collecting & analyzing evidence...

experiment with the padlet features to expand your thinking & learning (click on those 3 little dots on the padlet post-it)

locate reliable sources to provide relevant information to answer the questions

be sure to DOCUMENT YOUR NAME on EACH of your PADLET POST-ITS for individual accountability

hyperlink/ embed/ upload

Photos of hand-written notes?

Digital notes (Google docs/ slide; Google drawings)

Audio notes/ video notes (vlogs)

screencasts

Sketchnotes (digital/ hand-drawn)

Mind-maps

Images, photos, maps, illustrations, videos

Visual Cornell notes

evidence of collaboration

upload video of team planning session (2-3 mins)

upload video of team discussing findings  (2-3 mins)

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After Russia formed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with germany, a lot of power from russia's major cities was taken away from the germans. When the germans took control of Russian's major cities, Germany introduced the communist rule which would grow later on and affect many countries.

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the civil war that broke out may have helped Russia to save a lot of there soldiers.

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the enemies of the triple entente are Austro-Hungarian, Germany and the Ottoman Armies.

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Physical

8,500,000 deaths from wounds and injuries

6 million soldiers fled

Psychological

Shellshock

Deafness

Bizarre gaits

Anxiety

Depression

Transient psychoses (hallucinations and delusions)

Flashbacks

Nightmares

PTSD

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Nikolai II Alexandrovich Romanov (Nicholas II)

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CONFLICT: WWI
PADLET

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Triumph of Liberal Democracy?
Collective security? How?
Economic boom?

HOW? WHY?

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because of the civil war that broke out in Russia during WW1 they lost a lot of the colonies that they had before the war.

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Austria-Hungary. Ottoman empire. British, German, French and Russian empires. For extra coverage of World War 1 outside the scope of the AP course, click here.

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According to history the Germans declared war to the Russians because they felt threatened by them, and the others being the alliances of germany they had to declare war to Russia and it's alliances.

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How much power does the government have?

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How much power does the government have?

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"The population of the Russian Empire was also enormous, around 128 million people in 1900."
"The Russian empire boasted a peacetime standing army of 1.5 million men, the largest in Europe, and if could increase that fourfold or fivefold with reservists and conscripts were."

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When World War I erupted in August 1914, Russia was a major European power, if only because of its sheer size and population. Russia's political system was archaic and fragile, however, and

The Russian enigma

At the turn of the 20th century, Russia was an enigma to most Europeans. They knew of its existence, marvelled at its size and feared its military power - but few ever travelled there and reliable information about it was scant.

From the outside, Russia looked and behaved like an imperial superpower. Its land holdings and natural resources were vast. Russia's territory spanned around one-sixth of the Earth's landmass, from Finland in the west to Siberia's Pacific coastline in the east.

The population of the Russian Empire was also enormous, around 128 million people in 1900. Russian military might was feared across much of Europe, largely because of the millions of men Russian leaders could call into service. The Russian empire boasted a peacetime standing army of 1.5 million men, the largest in Europe, and if could increase that fourfold or fivefold with reservists and conscripts were.

A developing economy

Economically and industrially, the Russian empire lagged well behind the rest of Europe. While the Industrial Revolution had a profound impact on nations like Britain, France and Germany, Russia's economy remained almost entirely agrarian until the mid-1800s.

Defeat in the 1850s Crimean War and a change in government policy produced a swift transformation in Russia's economy. French investors, attracted by government deals, cheap labour and tax breaks, eagerly pumped money into Russia to construct factories and new mines. Even with this injection of foreign capital, however, Russia still tailed its western European neighbours by a long stretch.

Industrialisation had also created a raft of new problems in Russia, including urban growth, social disruption, demands for workers' rights and political agitation. Peasants who relocated to the cities to work in newly opened factories found themselves enduring long working days (often up to 15 hours) in appalling and unsafe conditions.

An archaic government

Politically, the Russian empire was beset with backward ideas and values, dysfunction and dissatisfaction. This made it a fertile ground for revolutionaries and anarchists.

While Russia's economy had begun to modernise in the late 1800s, Russia's political system still languished in the late Middle Ages. Russia's monarch, the tsar, retained all political decision-making and all sovereign power. His power, it was believed, was ordained by God.

There was no constitution to define and limit the tsar's authority; there was no elected parliament capable of exercising power. Ministers were appointed and sacked by the tsar and were accountable only to him.

A hierarchical society

Russia's rigid social structure divided its citizens into 14 ranks: royals, aristocrats, land-owners, bureaucrats, military officers, soldiers and sailors, the industrial and agricultural working classes.

More than four-fifths of Russia's massive population were peasants: poor farmers working small holdings of land; they were uneducated, illiterate, unworldly, religious, superstitious and suspicious about change.

The industrialisation of the late 1800s had given rise to a new industrial working class. Though it comprised less than five per cent of the population, the industrial proletariat was a significant movement in major cities like St Petersburg and Moscow.

Nicholas II

The Russian tsar at the outbreak of World War I - and the nation's last tsar, as it turned out - was Nicholas II.

An intelligent but shy man, Nicholas came to the throne in 1894. He pledged to retain autocratic power, resisting calls for political reform - but he lacked the judgement, strength and decisiveness to rule in an autocratic fashion.

The Russo-Japanese War

Like his predecessors, Nicholas II placed great store on the strength of Russia's military. He pushed for expansion, both in eastern Europe and in Russia's Pacific region.

Russia's territorial ambitions in modern-day Korea led to a war with Japan (1904-5), a conflict that Nicholas and his advisors thought would be straightforward and easily winnable.

Instead, the Japanese inflicted a humiliating defeat on the Russians, the first time in centuries a major European power had been conquered by an Asian nation. Russia's army and navy were exposed as poorly equipped and commanded and its Baltic Fleet was decimated at the Battle of Tsushima. The empire's shortage of industrial and rail infrastructure was also apparent.

The 1905 Revolution

The defeat of 1905 precipitated unrest thatbubbled over into revolution. It was driven by liberal and left-wing groups, disgruntled industrial workers and others who sought political modernisation. Strikes crippled the country, while several of the tsar's relatives and advisors were killed by political assassins. Nicholas clung to the throne by backing down, issuing a manifesto that promised liberal civil rights and a democratically elected Duma (parliament). But the following year (1906) he reneged on these promises: the Duma became a powerless 'talking shop', while radical political agitators were rounded up to be hanged, imprisoned or exiled.

A historian's view:
"Objectively speaking, Russia's entry into the war was the most improbable of all. Russia had the least to gain from continental conflict and the most to lose... For its part, the Russian public had very bitter memories of a recent bloody war, was increasingly antagonistic toward its government, and saw little good coming from a titanic clash with Germany and Austria-Hungary. Importantly, all of these reasons not to go to war were visible at the time and were clearly articulated prior to the declaration of hostilities."
Holger Afflerbach

Abroad, Russia's chief interest was in eastern Europe, particularly the future of the Balkans and the Ottoman Empire. St Petersburg hoped to take advantage of the Ottoman disintegration, to increase its influence and further its imperial ambitions in the region. Russia was also an ally, indeed something of a 'protector' of Serbia, whose people shared religious and ethnic links with Slavic Russians. The tsar's diplomats and agents encouraged Serbian nationalism, providing secret support to groups which were agitating for Serbian autonomy. This put Russia at odds with the Austro-Hungarians, who had much to fear from a strong and expansionist Serbia.

In contrast, Russo-German relations during the 1800s had been comparatively friendly. The German chancellor Bismarck had worked hard to nurture good relations with Russia, chiefly to avoid his country being jammed between two hostile powers. Russian military planners during the 1800s had anticipated a future war with Austria-Hungary rather than Germany. The ascension to the throne of Kaiser Wilhelm II did not seem as though it would upset this balance. After all, were not the new Kaiser and the new Russian tsar cousins, on the most friendly terms? This assessment did not take into account the private views of Wilhelm II. Lacking Bismarck's foresight, the Kaiser had low regard for Russian political influence and military power - and no interest in keeping the Russians on side.

1. Russia spanned one-sixth of the globe and was by far the largest nation of Europe, both in size and population.

2. Russia's government and social structure retained medieval elements; absolute power rested with the tsar (monarch).

3. Despite a marked increase in industrial growth in the late 1800s, Russia's economy lagged behind western Europe.

4. In 1904-5 Russia suffered a humiliating military defeat at the hands of Japan, which triggered a domestic revolution.

5. Russia's relationship with Germany had been comparatively good, in part because the Russian tsar and German Kaiser were cousins - but this evolved during the first years of the 1900s.

Title: "Russia before World War I"
Authors: Jennifer Llewellyn, Steve Thompson
Publisher: Alpha History
URL: https://alphahistory.com/worldwar1/russia/
Date published: August 7, 2017
Date accessed: November 26, 2020
Copyright: The content on this page may not be republished without our express permission. For more information on usage, please refer to our Terms of Use.

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When World War I erupted in August 1914, Russia was a major European power, if only because of its sheer size and population. Russia's political system was archaic and fragile, however, and At the turn of the 20th century, Russia was an enigma to most Europeans.

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https://www.loom.com/share/57d96bd4adbc42d3882db8d9ec95dc59